Table 3.
Mean values for work ability and general health at baseline and one year later by shift change group, for the overall sample (top rows) and by country
| |
|
|
Classification by response to the question at t2: “In the last 12 months: have you changed shift pattern?” |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Outcomes | “No, I did not ask” | “No, but I asked” | “Yes, because I asked” | “Yes, institution imposed it” | “Yes, institution imposed it, I accepted” | |
| Overall |
|
n |
9222 |
260 |
596 |
628 |
396 |
| Work ability |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
39.6 (39.4 – 39.7) |
37.6 (36.9 – 38.4)*** |
38.6 (38.1 – 39.0)*** |
39.1 (38.7 – 39.5)* |
39.4 (38.8 – 40.0) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
39.3 (39.2 – 39.4)### |
36.6 (35.8 – 37,3)*** ### |
38.8 (38.3 – 39.3) |
38.4 (37.9 – 38.8)** ### |
40.0 (39.5 – 40.6)** # |
||
| General health |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
65.3 (64.9 – 65.7) |
63.9 (61.6 – 66.2) |
65.2 (63.7 – 66.7) |
63.8 (62.4 – 65.2) |
65.6 (62.9 – 68.3) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
63.0 (62.6 – 63.4)### |
59.2 (56.9 – 61.5)*** ### |
64.7 (63.2 – 66.2) |
60.7 (58.8 – 62.6)* ### |
64.4 (62.0 – 66.8) |
||
| Belgium |
|
n |
1151 |
20 |
71 |
60 |
31 |
| Work ability |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
40.2 (39.9 – 40.5) |
37.2 (34.6 – 39.7)* |
38.4 (37.3 – 39.5)** |
39.6 (38.4 – 40.9) |
39.8 (37.5 – 42.2) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
39.9 (39.6 – 40.2)## |
35.3 (33.2 – 37.3)** ### |
39.2 (37.9 – 40.5) |
38.6 (37.2 – 40.0) |
40.1 (38.1 – 42.1) |
||
| General health |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
70.2 (69.2 – 71.1) |
62.3 (53.4 – 71.1) |
66.5 (61.9 – 71.1) |
68.9 (64.2 – 73.6) |
65.2 (57.5 – 72.9) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
67.7 (66.7 – 68.6)### |
55.8 (48.4 – 63.1)* |
64.4 (60.0 – 68.7) |
65.3 (61.2 – 69.5) |
65.1 (59.6 – 70.7) |
||
| Finland |
|
n |
1848 |
54 |
176 |
85 |
107 |
| Work ability |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
39.9 (39.7 – 40.2) |
38.2 (36.8 – 39.6) |
39.6 (38.8 – 40.5) |
38.4 (37.1 – 39.7)** |
40.4 (39.5 – 41.2) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
39.8 (39.6 – 40.1)# |
38.0 (36.6 – 39.4) |
40.1 (39.3 – 40.8) |
37.4 (35.9 – 39.0)** |
40.2 (39.1 – 41.2) |
||
| General health |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
66.9 (66.0 – 67.7) |
64.6 (59.7 – 69.5) |
69.1 (66.5 – 71.6) |
64.6 (59.8 – 69.3) |
66.6 (63.1 – 70.1) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
66.1 (65.3 – 66.9)# |
60.7 (56.2 – 65.3)# |
69.2 (66.8 – 71.6) |
61.5 (56.9 – 66.2)# |
65.7 (62.3 – 69.1) |
||
| France |
|
n |
669 |
31 |
73 |
53 |
33 |
| Work ability |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
38.9 (38.5 – 39.2) |
38.0 (36.1 – 39.9) |
38.0 (36.3 – 39.6) |
39.0 (37.8 – 40.2) |
37.5 (34.8 – 40.1) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
38.6 (38.1 – 39.0) |
35.5 (33.3 – 37.6)** ## |
37.8 (36.4 – 39.2) |
37.1 (35.2 – 39.0)* ## |
40.3 (38.7 – 41.8)** # |
||
| General health |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
64.0 (62.5 – 65.5) |
65.5 (58.6 – 72.4) |
62.0 (57.1 – 66.9) |
60.5 (54.2 – 66.8) |
59.8 (52.0 – 67.7) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
62.2 (60.8 – 63.5)## |
57.4 (50.3 – 64.6)* ## |
61.7 (57.0 – 66.5) |
56.4 (50.8 – 62.0)# |
63.8 (57.5 – 70.1) |
||
| Germany |
|
n |
1391 |
58 |
91 |
107 |
49 |
| Work ability |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
38.1 (37.8 – 38.4) |
35.5 (33.6 – 37.5)* |
36.9 (35.5 – 38.3) |
38.4 (37.3 – 39.4) |
37.5 (35.7 – 39.4) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
37.7 (37.3 – 38.0)## |
34.5 (32.6 – 36.4)* |
36.6 (35.0 – 38.2) |
38.1 (36.9 – 39.3) |
38.6 (37.1 – 40.1) |
||
| General health |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
65.1 (64.1 – 66.1) |
64.2 (58.8 – 69.5) |
61.3 (56.9 – 65.7) |
65.4 (61.7 – 69.1) |
64.9 (59.5 – 70.3) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
63.9 (62.9 – 64.9)## |
62.6 (57.9 – 67.3) |
63.5 (58.9 – 68.1)# |
65.8 (62.1 – 69.6) |
63.1 (58.9 – 67.3)# |
||
| Italy |
|
n |
1533 |
52 |
74 |
192 |
60 |
| Work ability |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
40.1 (39.9 – 40.4) |
39.0 (37.1 – 40.8) |
37.6 (36.3 – 39.0)*** |
39.4 (38.7 – 40.2) |
39.3 (37.6 – 40.9) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
40.0 (39.8 – 40.3) |
39.5 (37.9 – 41.0) |
37.3 (35.9 – 38.8)## |
39.4 (38.7 – 40.1) |
40.4 (39.0 – 41.9)## |
||
| General health |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
66.8 (65.9 – 67.7) |
66.2 (60.5 – 71.8) |
59.7 (54.5 – 65.0)*** |
64.5 (62.0 – 67.1) |
64.3 (59.4 – 69.1) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
63.4 (62.5 – 64.3)### |
64.4 (58.3 – 70.5) |
57.5 (53.0 – 62.1) |
62.3 (60.1 – 64.7) |
65.7 (61.3 – 70.0)* |
||
| Netherlands |
|
n |
903 |
16 |
81 |
37 |
70 |
| Work ability |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
42.1 (41.8 – 42.4) |
40.8 (37.7 – 43.9) |
40.1 (38.8 – 41.4)** |
41.3 (39.9 – 42.7) |
41.0 (40.0 – 42.1) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
42.0 (41.7 – 42.3) |
40.1 (36.4 – 43.7)* |
40.7 (39.3 – 42.0) |
40.4 (38.7 – 42.0) |
42.0 (40.9 – 43.2) |
||
| General health |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
72.6 (71.6 – 73.6) |
73.4 (64.7 – 82.2) |
71.2 (67.9 – 74.6) |
70.5 (65.6 – 75.5) |
74.4 (70.9 – 77.8) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
70.4 (69.4 – 71.4)### |
63.4 (54.2 – 72.5)* |
70.9 (67.5 – 74.2) |
65.7 (60.6 – 70.8) |
71.4 (67.7 – 75.2) |
||
| Poland |
|
n |
1338 |
22 |
18 |
60 |
32 |
| Work ability |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
37.8 (37.5 – 38.1) |
35.5 (32.9 – 38.0)* |
36.8 (34.3 – 39.4) |
38.5 (37.2 – 39.8) |
36.5 (34.0 – 39.0) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
37.2 (36.9 – 37.5)### |
30.9 (28.3 – 33.5)*** ## |
36.3 (32.8 – 39.7) |
36.5 (35.0 – 38.0)# |
36.3 (33.8 – 38.7) |
||
| General health |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
55.8 (54.8 – 56.7) |
48.4 (38.5 – 58.4) |
58.3 (49.6 – 67.1) |
55.4 (51.8 – 59.1) |
58.6 (50.6 – 66.5) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
51.4 (50.5 – 52.2)### |
39.8 (30.2 – 49.3)** |
50.6 (42.7 – 58.4) |
46.8 (43.2 – 50.4)* ### |
50.0 (43.2 – 56.8)# |
||
| Slovakia |
|
n |
389 |
7 |
12 |
34 |
15 |
| Work ability |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
40.0 (39.6 – 40.5) |
39.6 (34.8 – 44.3) |
39.3 (36.8 – 41.9) |
38.7 (37.2 – 40.0) |
40.4 (37.6 – 43.2) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) |
39.8 (39.3 – 40.2) |
39.4 (34.1 – 44.7) |
40.0 (37.7 – 42.3) |
38.6 (36.9 – 40.2) |
40.3 (36.7 – 44.0) |
||
| General health |
t1 mean (95% CI) |
56.7 (55.0 – 58.4) |
63.6 (43.3 – 83.9) |
55.4 (43.3 – 67.5) |
55.7 (48.7 – 62.7) |
52.3 (40.3 – 64.3) |
|
| t2 mean (95% CI) | 53.2 (51.5 – 54.9)### | 50.0 (26.1 – 73.9) | 53.8 (42.5 – 65.0) | 51.2 (46.0 – 56.3) | 51.5 (41.4 – 61.6) | ||
*indicate significance levels of differences between the reference group “No, I did not ask” and the other shift change groups at t1 and t2, respectively, adjusted for age, gender, country (overall) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
#indicate significance levels of within group differences between t1 and t2 (time trends), assessed by GLM Repeated Measures, adjusted for age, gender, and country (overall).
#p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001.