Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses for survival predictors in patients with brain metastasis from HCC
| Variables | No | Median(wks) |
Univariate |
Multivariate |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p -value | HR | 95% CI | p -value | ||||
| AGE |
|
|
0.096 |
ND |
|
||
| |
<60 years |
17 |
14.8 |
0.062 |
|||
| |
≥60 years |
16 |
8.7 |
|
|||
| Sex |
|
|
0.178 |
ND |
|
||
| |
M |
30 |
10.4 |
0.144 |
|||
| |
F |
3 |
8.4 |
|
|||
| Symptoms# |
|
|
0.412 |
ND |
|
||
| |
Minor |
17 |
11.6 |
0.552 |
|||
| |
Major |
16 |
8.1 |
|
|||
| Interval of diagnosis from primary tumor to brain metastasis |
|
|
|
|
|||
| |
≤12 months |
11 |
15.6 |
0.239 |
ND |
|
0.089 |
| |
>12 months |
22 |
8.7 |
|
|||
| ECOG PS |
0.655 |
ND |
|
||||
| |
≤2 |
21 |
13.4 |
0.707 |
|||
| |
>2 |
12 |
4.7 |
|
|||
| RPA class |
0.001 |
ND |
|
||||
| |
I & II |
29 |
13.4 |
0.575 |
|||
| |
III |
4 |
2.4 |
|
|||
| Child-Pugh’s classification | |||||||
| |
A |
20 |
14.4 |
0.038 |
0.25 |
0.09-0.69 |
0.007 |
| |
B/C |
13 |
8.4 |
|
1 |
|
|
| Number of HCC nodules | |||||||
| |
1-3 |
18 |
9.6 |
0.389 |
ND |
0.088 |
|
| |
≥4 |
10 |
8.7 |
|
|
|
|
| Largest size of HCC | |||||||
| |
≤5 cm |
18 |
14.4 |
0.094 |
ND |
0.119 |
|
| |
>5 cm |
15 |
6.0 |
|
|
|
|
| HCC type | |||||||
| |
Well-defined |
20 |
12.9 |
0.210 |
ND |
0.072 |
|
| |
Ill-defined |
13 |
8.7 |
|
|
|
|
| Main portal vein thrombosis | |||||||
| |
No |
18 |
10.4 |
0.202 |
ND |
0.065 |
|
| |
Yes |
15 |
8.7 |
|
|||
| Chemotherapy for HCC (Sorafenib) | |||||||
| |
No |
23 |
9.6 |
0.735 |
ND |
0.583 |
|
| |
Yes |
10 |
10.4 |
|
|
|
|
| AFP | |||||||
| |
≤400 |
18 |
9.6 |
0.389 |
ND |
0.174 |
|
| |
>400 |
10 |
8.7 |
|
|
|
|
| Lung metastasis | |||||||
| |
No |
9 |
21.9 |
0.197 |
ND |
0.956 |
|
| |
Yes |
24 |
9.4 |
|
|
|
|
| Number of brain metastasis | |||||||
| |
Single |
17 |
13.7 |
0.341 |
ND |
0.800 |
|
| |
Multiple |
16 |
8.1 |
|
|
|
|
| Hemorrhage of brain metastasis | |||||||
| |
No |
16 |
13.7 |
0.044 |
0.19 |
0.07-0.55 |
0.002 |
| |
Yes |
17 |
8.1 |
1 |
|
||
| Treatment for brain metastasis | |||||||
| |
Resection ± WBRT |
10 |
25.3 |
<0.001 | 0.23 |
0.08-0.66 |
0.006 |
| |
GKS± WBRT /WBRT alone |
17 |
10.4 |
1* | |
|
|
| Steroid alone | 6 | 1.0 | |||||
# Minor; headache, dizziness, cranial nerve deficit, Major; mental status changes, motor weakness.
* Reference variable: non-resection treatment groups.
HCC; hepatocellular carcinoma, wks; weeks, AFP; alpha fetoprotein, WBRT; whole brain radiation therapy, GKS; gamma knife radiosurgery, ND; not determined.