Table 1.
Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for lifestyle factors in 472 cases and 464 controls (recruitment period: December 2010 to November 2011)
|
Variables |
Case (n = 472) |
Control (n = 464) |
OR
a
(95% CIs) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||||
| Age (year) (mean ± SD) |
54.72 ± 12.45 |
53.56 ± 11.00 |
|
|
||
| Menopausal status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Pre |
280 |
(59) |
271 |
(58) |
|
|
| Post |
192 |
(41) |
193 |
(42) |
|
|
| Height (cm) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤150 |
95 |
(20) |
78 |
(17) |
1.16 |
(0.78-1.71) |
| 151-155 |
147 |
(32) |
145 |
(32) |
Ref. |
|
| 156-160 |
152 |
(33) |
156 |
(34) |
0.99 |
(0.72-1.36) |
| >160 |
72 |
(15) |
81 |
(18) |
0.93 |
(0.63-1.38) |
| Weight (Kg) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤50 |
159 |
(34) |
173 |
(37) |
0.97 |
(0.69-1.36) |
| 51-55 |
112 |
(24) |
118 |
(26) |
Ref. |
|
| 56 -60 |
92 |
(20) |
78 |
(17) |
1.24 |
(0.83-1.85) |
| >60 |
104 |
(22) |
93 |
(20) |
1.18 |
(0.80-1.73) |
| BMI (Kg/m2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 20 |
102 |
(22) |
96 |
(21) |
1.39 |
(0.96-2.01) |
| 20-21.9 |
118 |
(25) |
150 |
(33) |
Ref. |
|
| 22-23.9 |
104 |
(22) |
102 |
(22) |
1.28 |
(0.89-1.84) |
| ≥24 |
139 |
(30) |
112 |
(24) |
1.54 |
(1.08-2.19) |
| Smoking status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Never |
406 |
(87) |
432 |
(94) |
Ref. |
|
| Current or former |
60 |
(13) |
28 |
(6) |
2.49 |
(1.56-4.06) |
| Alcohol drinking |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Never |
240 |
(51) |
218 |
(47) |
ref. |
|
| Current or former |
231 |
(49) |
243 |
(53) |
0.91 |
(0.70-1.18) |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
240 |
(51) |
218 |
(48) |
ref. |
|
| <5 |
140 |
(30) |
130 |
(29) |
1.02 |
(0.75-1.39) |
| 5-10 |
53 |
(11) |
62 |
(14) |
0.82 |
(0.54-1.24) |
| 10> |
36 |
(8) |
45 |
(10) |
0.75 |
(0.46-1.21) |
| Meat intake (times/week) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤1 |
101 |
(22) |
66 |
(14) |
Ref. |
|
| 2-4 |
297 |
(64) |
307 |
(67) |
0.65 |
(0.45-0.92) |
| ≥5 |
67 |
(14) |
88 |
(19) |
0.51 |
(0.32-0.80) |
| Soy intake (times/week) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤1 |
45 |
(10) |
49 |
(11) |
Ref. |
|
| 2-4 |
236 |
(50) |
227 |
(50) |
1.12 |
(0.72-1.76) |
| ≥5 |
188 |
(40) |
182 |
(40) |
1.09 |
(0.69-1.72) |
| Fish intake (times/week) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤1 |
103 |
(22) |
94 |
(20) |
Ref. |
|
| 2-4 |
297 |
(64) |
314 |
(68) |
0.85 |
(0.62-1.18) |
| ≥5 |
67 |
(14) |
53 |
(11) |
1.09 |
(0.68-1.74) |
| Eggs intake (times/week) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤1 |
108 |
(23) |
95 |
(21) |
Ref. |
|
| 2-4 |
238 |
(51) |
247 |
(54) |
0.86 |
(0.62-1.20) |
| ≥5 |
120 |
(26) |
112 |
(25) |
0.96 |
(0.66-1.41) |
| Milk intake (times/week) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤1 |
84 |
(18) |
82 |
(18) |
Ref. |
|
| 2-4 |
157 |
(34) |
135 |
(30) |
1.14 |
(0.78-1.67) |
| ≥5 |
226 |
(48) |
238 |
(52) |
0.92 |
(0.64-1.31) |
| Fruit intake (times/week) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤1 |
112 |
(24) |
112 |
(24) |
Ref. |
|
| 2-4 |
172 |
(37) |
149 |
(32) |
1.11 |
(0.79-1.57) |
| ≥5 |
184 |
(39) |
199 |
(43) |
0.86 |
(0.61-1.21) |
| Mushrooms intake (times/week) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤1 |
156 |
(34) |
120 |
(26) |
Ref. |
|
| 2-4 |
247 |
(53) |
261 |
(57) |
0.73 |
(0.54-0.98) |
| ≥5 |
61 |
(13) |
77 |
(17) |
0.60 |
(0.40-0.91) |
| Green and yellow vegetables intake (times/week) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤1 |
47 |
(10) |
28 |
(6) |
Ref. |
|
| 2-4 |
231 |
(50) |
204 |
(46) |
0.66 |
(0.39-1.09) |
| ≥5 |
183 |
(40) |
212 |
(48) |
0.48 |
(0.29-0.80) |
| Coffee intake (times/week) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| <1 |
132 |
(28) |
103 |
(22) |
Ref. |
|
| 1 |
154 |
(33) |
158 |
(34) |
0.77 |
(0.55-1.09) |
| 2-3 |
135 |
(29 |
160 |
(35) |
0.68 |
(0.48-0.96) |
| ≥4 |
45 |
(10) |
40 |
(9) |
0.91 |
(0.55-1.51) |
| Green tea intake (times/week) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| <1 |
200 |
(43) |
182 |
(40) |
Ref. |
|
| 1 |
151 |
(33) |
133 |
(29) |
0.97 |
(0.71-1.33) |
| 2-3 |
63 |
(14) |
87 |
(19) |
0.63 |
(0.43-0.93) |
| ≥4 |
48 |
(10) |
55 |
(12) |
0.72 |
(0.46-1.12) |
| Leisure-time exercise |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| None |
254 |
(54) |
214 |
(46) |
Ref. |
|
| Current |
214 |
(46) |
248 |
(54) |
0.70 |
(0.54-0.91) |
| Intensity of physical activityb (METs/week) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
254 |
(56) |
214 |
(47) |
Ref. |
|
| >6.0 |
51 |
(11) |
42 |
(9) |
1.05 |
(0.67-1.65) |
| 6.0-11.9 |
44 |
(10) |
60 |
(13) |
0.61 |
(0.39-0.93) |
| 12.0-23.9 |
48 |
(11) |
80 |
(17) |
0.51 |
(0.34-0.75) |
| ≥24.0 |
52 |
(12) |
61 |
(13) |
0.70 |
(0.46-1.07) |
| Age at menarche (year) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤12 |
140 |
(30) |
201 |
(44) |
0.88 |
(0.616-1.25) |
| 13 |
109 |
(23) |
113 |
(25) |
Ref. |
|
| ≤14 |
217 |
(47) |
144 |
(31) |
1.25 |
(0.882-1.78) |
| Parity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
86 |
(20) |
75 |
(17) |
Ref. |
|
| 1-2 |
247 |
(57) |
265 |
(59) |
0.74 |
(0.511‒1.06) |
| ≥3 |
102 |
(23) |
107 |
(24) |
0.76 |
(0.495‒1.15) |
| Age at first childbirth (year) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| <25 |
151 |
(40) |
142 |
(37) |
1.22 |
(0.89-1.68) |
| 25-29 |
162 |
(43) |
187 |
(49) |
Ref. |
|
| ≥30 |
63 |
(17) |
50 |
(13) |
1.46 |
(0.96-2.25) |
| Breastfeeding |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
125 |
(27) |
104 |
(23) |
Ref. |
|
| Yes |
339 |
(73) |
355 |
(77) |
0.77 |
(0.57-1.04) |
| History of benign breast disease |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
351 |
(79) |
354 |
(79) |
Ref. |
|
| Yes |
93 |
(21) |
92 |
(21) |
1.03 |
(0.74-1.42) |
| Family history of breast cancer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
391 |
(88) |
373 |
(88) |
Ref. |
|
| Yes |
53 |
(12) |
52 |
(12) |
0.98 |
(0.65-1.47) |
| History of HRT use |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
424 |
(92) |
412 |
(90) |
Ref. |
|
| Yes |
35 |
(8) |
45 |
(10) |
0.76 |
(0.47-1.21) |
| Education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| High school or less |
259 |
(55) |
196 |
(43) |
Ref. |
|
| Two-year college |
144 |
(31) |
144 |
(31) |
0.78 |
(0.57-1.05) |
| University | 64 | (14) | 120 | (26) | 0.41 | (0.29-0.59) |
aOR is adjusted for age. bIntensity of physical activity in leisure-time exercise. Significant dates are showed in boldface. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; HRT, hormone replacement therapy.