IL-12-treated mice had reduced frequencies of activated cells within the CD8+-T-cell population, but increased activation of NK cells, compared with control mice. The specific lymphocyte subpopulation (either CD8+ or NK+ [CD49b/Pan-NK]) was gated, and percentages of CD69+ cells within the gate are depicted. Squares, IL-12 treatment; circles, PBS treatment. (A and B) Less activation of CD8+ T cells in WT and CD4−/− mice was seen during IL-12 treatment compared with saline controls. (C and D) More activation of NK cells in WT and CD4−/− mice was seen during IL-12 treatment compared with saline controls. Each data point represents three or four mice and the bars represent the standard errors. Graphs are representative of CD4−/− mice from two experiments and WT mice from three experiments. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01.