Table 2.

Cellular targets of Herpesvirus miRNAs (References have to be done last)

Cellular target	Virus/sub -family	miRNA	(Proposed) functional consequences	Reference(s)
BACH1	KSHV/γ	miR-K11	Pro-proliferative, increased viability under oxidative stress	[28] [30] [69]
BCLAF1	KSHV/γ		Inhibit caspase activity, facilitate lytic reactivation	[31]
CASP3	KSHV/γ	miR-K1, -K3, -K4-3p	Inhibition of apoptosis	[49]
CDKN1A/p21	KSHV/γ	miR-K1	release of cell cycle arrest	[28]
C/EBPbeta, C/EBPbeta p20	KSHV/γ	miR-K11 miR-K3, -K7,	De-repression of IL6/IL10 secretion; Modulation of macrophage cytokine response	[71] [56]
IKBKE	KSHV/γ	miR-K11	Suppression of antiviral immunity via IFN signaling	[55] [28]
IRAK1	KSHV/γ	miR-K9	Decreased activity of TLR/IL1R signaling cascade	[57]
MAF1	KSHV/γ	miR-K1, -K6-5p, -K11	Induce endothelial cell reprogramming	[59]
MICB	KSHV/γ	miR-K7	Immune evasion	[70]
MYD88	KSHV/γ	miR-K5	Decreased activity of TLR/IL1R signaling cascade	[57]
NFIB	KSHV/γ	miR-K3	Promote latency	[64]
NFKBIA	KSHV/γ	miR-K1	Promote latency	[62]
RBL2	KSHV/γ	miR-K4-5p	De-repression of DNA methyl transferases (DNMT1, 3a, 3b)	[65]
SMAD5	KSHV/γ	miR-K11	Resistance to growth inhibitory effects	[67]
TGFBRII	KSHV/γ	miR-K10a, -K10b	Resistance to growth inhibitory effects	[42]
THBS1	KSHV/γ	miR-K1, -K3-3p, -K6-3p, -K11	Pro-angiogenic	[29]
TNFRSF10B/TWEAKR	KSHV/γ	miR-K10a	Reduced induction of inflammatory response and apoptosis	[48]
CXCL-11	EBV/γ	miR-BHRF1-3	Immune modulation	[58]
MICB	EBV/γ	miR-BART2-5p	Immune evasion	[70]
PUMA	EBV/γ	miR-BART5	Anti-apoptotic	[50]

Listed are targets that have been functionally confirmed at least by luciferase reporter repression upon ectopic miRNA expression, and de-repression of the reporter upon target site mutation; KSHV = Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, EBV = Epstein-Barr virus.