FIG. 2.

TNF, IL-6, and IL-10 production by monocytes and monocyte-derived DCs (10⁶ cells) after stimulation with the gram-positive organisms L. plantarum and B. adolescentis or the gram-negative organisms E. coli and V. parvula (5 × 10⁷ bacteria) for 24 h in the absence or in the presence of 10 ng of rIFN-γ per ml. The bars indicate the mean cytokine production from six donors, and the error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. Statistical significance refers to the difference between the bacterium and the two gram-positive or two gram-negative organisms, respectively (one asterisk, P < 0.05; two asterisks, P < 0.01). Unstim, unstimulated.