Figure 4. The proline rich repeat region in EspF is responsible for multinucleation and cell hypertrophy. (A) The modular architecture of EspF is shown in top schematic with the different constructs used in this study shown beneath. Constructs have an L16E substitution, or have been deleted for the nucleolar localization sequence (NoLS) or the proline rich repeat (PRR). EspF(U) is an effector that contains a homologous PRR to EspF. Maximal cell diameter (B) and levels of multinucleation (3 or more nuclei; C) were measured in cells expressing the different constructs (day 4 post-transfection). Data shows mean ± SD, n = 3.