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. 2014 Jan 2;9(1):e83730. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083730

Table 7. SME Non-traditional data streams binned according to the Biosurveillance Data Stream Framework.

SME Population Type Category Detail
Syndromic/observational, chief complaint Human Syndromic ED/Hospital Records, Clinic/Health Care Provider Chief Complaint
Nurse call center Human Syndromic Help Lines Nurse call center
EMS 911 calls Human Syndromic Help Lines 911
School nurse illness reports Human Syndromic School Records Illness
Drug trends, OTC sales Human Syndromic Sales Drugs
Ambulance dispatch records Human Syndromic Ambulance Records
ED/Nurse triage notes Human Syndromic ED/Hospital Records
EMR - narrative text Human Syndromic ED/Hospital Records Collection Method: Data Mining
Doctors visits Human Syndromic Clinic/Health Care Provider Individual Case Reports
Practitioner information regarding consultations or investigations Human Syndromic Clinic/Health Care Provider Individual Case Reports, Aggregate Case Reports
Poison Control Center - narrative text Human Syndromic Help Lines Poison Control, Collection Method:Data Mining
Chemical and radiological exposure data Human Diagnostic Official Reports, Established Databases
Host susceptibility to health threats Human, Animal, Plant Environmental/Social Official Reports, Established Databases
Absentee data Human Syndromic School/Employment Records Absenteeism
School activities Human Environmental/Social School/Employment Records Activities
Grocery purchase trends, purchasing trends Human Syndromic, Or Environmental/Social Sales Groceries
Consumer complaint logs Human Syndromic, Or Environmental/Social Sales Complaints
Bank saving withdraws Human Environmental/Social Financial Records
Public meetings Human Syndromic, Or Environmental/Social News Aggregators
Food Trade Human Syndromic, Or Environmental/Social Official Reports, Financial Records Food Trade
Grouping and evaluating laboratory testing data to include trend analysis of types of requested diagnostic tests as an indication of increased disease incidence Human, Animal, Plant Diagnostic Laboratory Records Data Processing
Genetic shift (bacterial, viral), terrestrial microbial genomics, genotype, phenotype, proteome, omics Pathogen Environmental/Social Established databases, Official Reports
Pathogen monitoring Pathogen Environmental/Social Established Databases, Laboratory Records Pathogen monitoring
Epidemiology investigator's case notes Human, Animal Syndromic Personal Communication Collection method
Population density shifts in humans and animals Human, Animal Environmental/Social Established databases, Official Reports (academic)
Human and animal behavior/events Human, Animal Environmental/Social Official Reports (academic) Human and animal behavior/events
Climate change, meteorology All Environmental/Natural Established Databases, Official Reports
Environmental Factors, data All Environmental/Natural Established Databases, Official Reports Environmental Factors, data
Water quality reports All Environmental/Built, Environmental/Natural Official Reports Water quality reports
Social unrest/disruption Human Environmental/Social News Aggregators, Official Reports
Mainstream News, open source reporting media, popular news outlets, magazines, radio, newsfeeds Human Environmental/Social, Environmental/Built, Syndromic News Aggregators
Social Media Traffic Human Environmental/Social, Syndromic Social Media
Crowd sourcing and social networks Human Environmental/Social, Syndromic Social Media
Intelligence reports Human Environmental/All, Syndromic, Diagnostic Official Reports Intelligence reports