Table 1.
Demographics. Positive symptoms were the sum of global scores for hallucinations and delusions; negative symptoms were the sum of global scores for alogia, anhedonia, avolition, affective flattening, and attentional impairment; and disorganization symptoms were the sum of global scores for bizarre behavior, positive thought disorder, and inappropriate affect.
| Characteristic | Controls
|
Patients
|
Significance
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | T value/chi-square | P value (two-tailed) | |
| Age (in years) | 37.18 | 7.59 | 36.39 | 9.54 | 0.31 | 0.759 |
| Gender (% male) | 74 | 78 | 0.34 | 0.737 | ||
| Paternal education (in years) | 12.70 | 1.46 | 13.26 | 2.61 | 0.90 | 0.370 |
| Maternal education | 12.48 | 1.53 | 13.50 | 3.07 | 1.42 | 0.162 |
| Paternal SES | 21.59 | 8.92 | 26.59 | 10.73 | 1.67 | 0.100 |
| Maternal SES | 17.27 | 8.55 | 25.24 | 11.88 | 2.51 | 0.015 |
| Participant’s education (in years) | 15.26 | 2.12 | 13.04 | 2.14 | 3.50 | 0.001 |
| Handedness (% right) | 100.00 | 86.96 | 1.45 | 0.152 | ||
| IQ Verbal | 110.23 | 10.85 | 95.23 | 14.18 | 3.88 | 0.000 |
| IQ Performance | 115.45 | 11.64 | 101.82 | 15.24 | 3.30 | 0.002 |
| Medication (CPZ equivalents) | – | – | 584.63 | 563.63 | – | – |
| Mean SAPS Global Item Score | – | – | 1.91 | 1.21 | – | – |
| Mean SANS Global Item Score | – | – | 2.50 | 0.78 | – | – |
| Disorganization | – | – | 5.48 | 2.71 | – | – |
| Poverty | – | – | 10.43 | 3.53 | – | – |
| Reality Disotortion | – | – | 4.26 | 3.53 | – | – |
SAPS, scale for assessment of positive symptoms; SANS, scale for the assessment of negative symptoms; CPZ, chlorpromazine; SES, socioeconomic status.