Table 3.
Hazard ratios for liver cancer risk by quartiles (Q) of dietary patterns in the Shanghai Women's (1997–2000) and Men's (2002–2006) Health Studies
| Women | Men | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 118) | HR (95% CI)† | Cases (n = 149) | HR (95% CI)† | Cases (n = 267) | HR (95% CI)‡ | |
| Vegetable‐based dietary pattern | ||||||
| Q1 | 36 | 1.00 | 42 | 1.00 | 78 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 24 | 0.68 (0.40–1.14) | 48 | 1.29 (0.85–1.96) | 72 | 0.98 (0.71–1.35) |
| Q3 | 34 | 0.95 (0.59–1.52) | 36 | 0.95 (0.60–1.49) | 70 | 0.93 (0.67–1.29) |
| Q4 | 24 | 0.68 (0.40–1.14) | 23 | 0.52 (0.31–0.89) | 47 | 0.58 (0.40–0.84) |
| P for trend | P = 0.30 | P = 0.01 | P = 0.01 | |||
| Fruit‐based dietary pattern | ||||||
| Q1 | 33 | 1.00 | 33 | 1.00 | 66 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 36 | 1.48 (0.91–2.40) | 30 | 0.89 (0.54–1.46) | 66 | 1.11 (0.78–1.56) |
| Q3 | 34 | 1.49 (0.90–2.47) | 39 | 1.17 (0.72–1.88) | 73 | 1.24 (0.88–1.74) |
| Q4 | 15 | 0.75 (0.40–1.43) | 47 | 1.51 (0.92–2.46) | 62 | 1.13 (0.78–1.64) |
| P for trend | P = 0.72 | P = 0.06 | P = 0.39 | |||
| Meat‐based dietary pattern | ||||||
| Q1 | 39 | 1.00 | 38 | 1.00 | 77 | 1.00 |
| Q2 | 30 | 0.99 (0.61–1.62) | 41 | 1.14 (0.73–1.79) | 71 | 1.02 (0.74–1.42) |
| Q3 | 26 | 1.08 (0.64–1.82) | 30 | 0.96 (0.59–1.58) | 56 | 0.95 (0.67–1.35) |
| Q4 | 23 | 1.18 (0.68–2.03) | 40 | 1.36 (0.82–2.24) | 63 | 1.18 (0.83–1.69) |
| P for trend | P = 0.54 | P = 0.37 | P = 0.51 | |||
†Adjusted for age, body mass index, total energy intake, family income level, education level, family history of liver cancer in first‐degree relatives, history of chronic viral hepatitis, history of chronic liver disease or cirrhosis, history of diabetes, history of cholelithiasis or cholecystectomy, vitamin C and E and multivitamin supplement use, and mutual adjustment for three dietary patterns. ‡Additionally adjusted for sex. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; Q, quartile.