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. 2013 Dec 24;3(4):78–90. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v3.i4.78

Table 2.

Possible mechanisms associated with reduced exercise capacity in heart transplant recipients

Central factors
Reduced cardiac output
Chronotropic incompetence
Reduced stroke volume
Systolic dysfunction
Diastolic dysfunction
Pulmonary dysfunction
Pulmonary hypertension
Lung disease
Pulmonary congestion
Peripheral factors
Decreased skeletal muscle function
Reduced muscle mass
Reduced muscle strength
Reduced capillary density
Reduced oxidative capacity
Reduced mitochondrial function
Corticosteroid induced myopathy
Impaired vasodilatory capacity
Endothelial dysfunction
Deconditioning
Potential factors contributing to reduced exercise capacity
Increasing age
Donor age
Donor match
Ischemic time
Pre transplant de-conditioning
Primary diagnosis
Co-morbidities
Smoking
Cultural differences
Gender differences
Anxiety and depression
Socio-economic status
Reduced health-related quality of life