FIGURE 4.
Cited2-mediated regulation of metabolism-associated genes in undifferentiated ESCs. A, effect of re-introduction of Cited2 to Cited2Δ/− ESCs on metabolism-associated gene mRNA expression. Cited2Δ/− ESCs were stably transfected with an empty vector or a Cited2 cDNA expression vector. Expression of HK1, PFK1-M, PFK-L, PK, and LDHB mRNA in WT and Cited2Δ/− ESCs was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and normalized by internal control β-actin. Data from two independent experiments are presented. B, reintroduction of Cited2 increased glucose oxidation in Cited2Δ/− ESCs. C, recruitment of Cited2 protein to the HK1 gene promoter determined by ChIP-PCR. Enrichment of Cited2 protein on the HK1 promoter was normalized to IgG controls set as 1.0. Experiments were repeated 4–5 times and data expressed as the mean ± S.E. *, p < 0.05 compared with Cited2Δ/− ESCs controls.