Effects of chemical hypoxia with CoCl2 on GLUT1 mRNA and protein expression in LLC-PK1 cells. Changes in GLUT1 mRNA and protein expression in LLC-PK1 cells were evaluated under conditions of chemical hypoxia for 12 h with different CoCl2 concentrations (50, 100, 300, and 500 μm). GLUT1 mRNA (A) and protein (B) were determined by PCR and Western blotting, respectively (*, p < 0.05 versus control). Values are means ± S.D. (error bars) for six independent experiments, each in duplicate.