Table 3.

Estimates of proportion of genetic and environmental effects for liability to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and their co-morbidity in the child generation from multivariate generalized linear mixed model (GLMM).

Measure	Parameter estimates (95% Confidence interval)
	Additive genetic (A)	Childhood shared environmental (C)	Nonshared environmental (E)
Non-hierarchical diagnoses
- Schizophrenia	64.3 (61.7–67.5)	4.5 (4.4–7.4)	31.1 (25.1–33.9)
- Bipolar disorder	58.6 (56.4–61.8)	3.4 (2.3–6.2)	38.0 (32.0–41.2)
- Co-morbidity	63.4 (62.0–64.9)	5.9 (4.0–6.8)	30.6 (28.7–32.3)
Hierarchical diagnoses
- Schizophrenia	64.3 (61.5–72.2)	2.5 (1.9–6.6)	33.2 (21.2–36.7)
- Bipolar disorder	55.1 (50.8–60.7)	2.8 (1.9–7.2)	42.1 (32.1–47.3)
- Co-morbidity	91.7 (85.2–100.0)	8.3 (0.6–8.3)	-

Note:

When hierarchical diagnoses are used, nonshared environmental effects did not contribute to co-morbidity because an individual could not be diagnosed with both disorders.