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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 15.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Apr 2;19(14):10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0021. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0021

Figure 1. Non-genomic signaling pathways that modulate the activity of epigenetic ‘readers, writers, and erasers’.

Figure 1

Endogenous and environmental ligands bind to NHRs to activate nongenomic signaling and kinase cascades. Activated kinases such as AKT and PKA phosphorylate and inhibit the activity of epigenetic “writers” such as the HMT EZH2 and “readers” such as HP1γ respectively. The “eraser” HDM PHF2, also a PKA substrate, becomes activated when phosphorylated. In all three scenarios, the result is increased gene expression, due to loss of, or inability to read, repressive histone methyl marks.