Table 4.

Studies Using Small Tissue Specimens for Mutation Evaluation in NSCLC

Author, Year	Number of Samples	Sample Type	Sample Size	Number of Samples Acquired	Mutations Evaluated	Complications	% Samples with Tissue Adequate for Mutation Analysis
Shih et al. 200619	63	Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded needle biopsy/aspirationa	NR	NR	EGFR by PCR analysis	NR	100%
Otani et al. 200820	53	Wash fluid from PTNB	NR	NR	EGFR by PCR analysis	NR	100%
Zudaire et al. 200821	33	Paraffin embedded FNA	NR	NR	5p15, EGFR, MYC, CEPT6, P53, Ki-67 by FISH and immunocytochemistry	NR	94%
Savic et al. 2008b,22	84	Cytological specimens	NR	NR	EGFR by FISH	NR	95%
Chen et al. 2008*,23	17	Core needle biopsy (fresh frozen)	18-gauge	3	EGFR	Pneumothorax 17.6% Hemoptysis 11.8% Chest tube insertion rate 6%	100%
Solomon et al. 2009*,13	18	Core needle biopsy	18-gauge (n=15) 20-gauge (n=3)	Median =2	EGFR by direct sequencing or PCR KRAS by direct sequencing	Pneumothorax 16.7% Chest tube insertion rate 0%	88.9%
Cheung et al. 201012	47	Core needle biopsy	18-gauge (n=32) 20-gauge (n=15)	3	EGFR by PCR analysis	Pneumothorax 12.8% Hemoptysis 6.4% Chest tube insertion rate 5.6%	100%
Current Study Tam et al. 2012*	170	Core needle biopsy	20-gauge	Median =3	EGFR, KRAS, BRAF by PCR, EGFR and Cyclin D1 by FISH and six protein analyses by immunohistochemistry	Pneumothorax 15.3% Hemoptysis 0% Chest tube insertion rate 9.4%	83%

^aSamples taken from image guided core needle biopsies, endoscopic guided aspiration biopsies and effusion cell blocks. Tissues analysed included lung, liver, stomach, subcutaneous soft tissue metastasis and ascites.

^bSamples taken from transbronchial fine needle aspirations, bronchial washings, bronchial brushes, bronchoalevolar lavages and pleural effusions.

^*Indicates prospective study

NR-not reported, PTNB-percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy, PCR-polymerase chain reaction, FNA-fine needle aspiration, FISH-fluorescent in situ hybridization