Table 2.
Prevalence and odds ratios for physical health comorbidity, standardised by age and gender
| Variable | Bipolar, n (%) | Not bipolar, n (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) (P value) |
|---|---|---|---|
| No physical condition |
929 (36.0) |
799,179 (56.2) |
0.59 (0.54 to 0.63) (P <0.001) |
| One physical condition |
662 (25.6) |
292,651 (20.6) |
1.27 (1.16 to 1.39) (P <0.001) |
| Two physical comorbidities |
427 (16.5) |
149,297 (10.5) |
1.45 (1.30 to 1.62) (P <0.001) |
| Three or more physical comorbidities |
564 (21.8) |
180,669 (12.7) |
1.44 (1.30 to 1.64) (P <0.001) |
| Individual conditions: |
|
|
|
| Viral hepatitis |
10 (0.4) |
1,165 (0.1) |
5.69 (3.22 to 10.01) (P <0.001) |
| Constipation |
249 (9.4) |
36,167 (2.5) |
3.37 (2.93 to 3.88) (P <0.001) |
| Parkinson’s disease/Parkinsonism |
19 (0.7) |
2,722 (0.2) |
3.05 (1.83 to 5.09) (P <0.001) |
| Chronic kidney disease |
189 (7.3) |
33,377 (2.4) |
2.42 (2.04 to 2.86) (P <0.001) |
| Thyroid disorders |
376 (14.6) |
71,567 (5.0) |
2.39 (2.11 to 2.70) (P <0.001) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease |
27 (1.1) |
9,724 (0.7) |
1.99 (1.42 to 2.78) (P <0.001) |
| Epilepsy |
47 (1.8) |
12,337 (0.9) |
1.98 (1.46 to 2.66) (P <0.001) |
| Pain |
451 (17.5) |
125,680 (8.8) |
1.88 (1.69 to 2.09) (P <0.001) |
| Prostate disease |
46 (1.8) |
15,187 (1.1) |
1.71 (1.28 to 2.29) (P <0.001) |
| Dyspepsia |
237 (9.2) |
78,967 (5.6) |
1.63 (1.42 to 1.87) (P <0.001) |
| Blindness or low vision |
30 (1.2) |
8,348 (0.6) |
1.58 (1.06 to 2.37) (P = 0.02) |
| Multiple sclerosis |
16 (0.6) |
3,831 (0.3) |
1.58 (0.87 to 2.86) (P = 0.12) |
| Psoriasis or eczema |
31 (1.2) |
10,338 (0.7) |
1.44 (0.98 to 2.10) (P = 0.06) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
169 (6.6) |
52,938 (3.7) |
1.39 (1.17 to 1.65) (P <0.001) |
| Irritable bowel syndrome |
148 (5.7) |
51,989 (3.7) |
1.37 (1.14 to 1.64) (P <0.001) |
| Diabetes |
218 (8.4) |
74,613 (5.3) |
1.31 (1.13 to 1.53) (P <0.001) |
| Liver disease |
6 (0.2) |
2,608 (0.2) |
1.26 (0.56 to 2.82) (P = 0.56) |
| Cancer |
115 (4.5) |
43,549 (3.1) |
1.23 (1.00 to 1.54) (P = 0.04) |
| Hearing loss |
134 (5.2) |
54,600 (3.8) |
1.18 (0.98 to 1.43) (P = 0.07) |
| Peripheral vascular disease |
59 (2.3) |
23,181 (1.6) |
1.18 (0.93 to 1.56) (P = 0.22) |
| Asthma |
179 (6.9) |
83,809 (5.9) |
1.16 (0.99 to 1.35) (P = 0.06) |
| Heart failure |
47 (1.8) |
18,852 (1.3) |
1.11 (0.80 to 1.53) (P = 0.51) |
| Diverticular disease |
89 (3.5) |
33,724 (2.4) |
1.11 (0.87 to 1.41) (P = 0.38) |
| Stroke and transient ischaemic attack |
89 (3.5) |
36,456 (2.6) |
1.05 (0.84 to 1.34) (P = 0.63) |
| Inflammatory arthritis and related conditions |
119 (4.6) |
57,889 (4.1) |
0.95 (0.78 to 1.17) (P = 0.67) |
| Coronary heart disease |
170 (6.6) |
81,297 (5.7) |
0.94 (0.79 to 1.12) (P = 0.51) |
| Chronic sinusitis |
17 (0.7) |
9,148 (0.6) |
0.90 (0.54 to 1.49) (P = 0.69) |
| Migraine |
18 (0.7) |
9,233 (0.7) |
0.89 (0.54 to 1.49) (P = 0.67) |
| Hypertension |
462 (17.9) |
233,852 (16.5) |
0.82 (0.73 to 0.92) (P <0.001) |
| Glaucoma |
28 (1.1) |
15,891 (1.2) |
0.82 (0.55 to 1.24) (P = 0.36) |
| Atrial fibrillation |
39 (1.4) |
23,937 (1.7) |
0.68 (0.45 to 0.94) (P = 0.02) |
| Bronchiectasis | 5 (0.2) | 2,809 (0.2) | 0.78 (0.29 to 2.08) (P = 0.62) |