Table 2.
Significant trends of increased female representation were evident for each of the seven journals during the 24-year period. Pairwise comparisons were made between each journal and the journal experiencing the greatest increase in female authorship and the smallest increase in female authorship for both first and senior authorship. Trends were compared for statsitically significant differences.
2A. Obstet Gynecol showed the greatest increase in female first authorship and was used as a reference.
2B. The NEJM showed the smallest increase in female first authorship and was used as a reference.
2C. The J Pediatr showed the greatest increase in female senior authorship and was used as a reference. No significant differences were observed among the increases in each journal relative to the increase in J Pediatr.
2D. The Ann Surg showed the smallest increase in female senior authorship and was used as a reference. No significant differences were observed among the increases in each journal relative to the increase in Ann Surg.
| 2A. Changes in gender of first authorship over time with Obstet Gynecol as reference for comparison | |
|---|---|
| Journal | p-value |
| NEJM | <0.01* |
| JAMA | 0.29 |
| Ann Intern Med | 0.87 |
| Ann Surg | 0.45 |
| J Pediatr | <0.01* |
| IJROBP | <0.01* |
| 2B. Changes in gender of first authorship over time with NEJM as reference for comparison | |
|---|---|
| Journal | p-value |
| Obstet Gynecol | <0.01* |
| JAMA | <0.01* |
| Ann Intern Med | <0.01* |
| Ann Surg | <0.01* |
| J Pediatr | 0.20 |
| IJROBP | 0.53 |
| 2C. Changes in gender of senior authorship over time with J Pediatr as reference for comparison | |
|---|---|
| Journal | p-value |
| NEJM | 0.53 |
| JAMA | 0.71 |
| Ann Intern Med | 0.58 |
| Ann Surg | 0.40 |
| Obstet Gynecol | 0.77 |
| IJROBP | 0.87 |
| 2D. Changes in gender of senior authorship over time with Ann Surg as reference for comparison | |
|---|---|
| Journal | p-value |
| Obstet Gynecol | 0.47 |
| JAMA | 0.31 |
| Ann Intern Med | 0.62 |
| NEJM | 0.26 |
| J Pediatr | 0.40 |
| IJROBP | 0.35 |
denotes journals for which the increase in female first authorship is significantly less than the increase observed in Obstet Gynecol.
denotes journals for which the increase in female first authorship is significantly greater than the increase observed in the NEJM.