Mechanical ventilation21,25
|
Use of mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure |
Neurosurgical intervention21,23,24
|
Use of hyperosmotic agents for elevated intracranial pressure, intracranial pressure monitoring or brain oxygen probe, intraventricular catheters, intracranial drains, placement of a burr hole, craniotomy/craniectomy |
Vasopressor or inotropic use21,25
|
Use of dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dobutamine, phenylephrine, or vasopressin for hemodynamic instability |
Transfusion of blood products21,22,25
|
Use of packed RBCs, platelets, cryoprecipitate, or fresh frozen plasma |
Invasive monitoring21,25
|
Monitoring with a central venous or arterial catheter for hemodynamic instability |