Table 4.
Prognostic factors for overall survival after hepatic resection for HNEM (n=51)
| Predictor of overall survival | n (%) | 5-year survival (%) | Univariate analysis P value | Multivariate Analysis† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P value | HR (95% CI) | ||||
| Primary tumor type | .75 | ||||
| Adrenal | 26 (51) | 52 | |||
| Thyroidal | 11 (22) | 67 | |||
| Gonadal | 14 (27) | 66 | |||
| Regional lymph nodes for primary tumor | .85 | ||||
| Positive | 22 (43) | 69 | |||
| Negative | 29 (57) | 49 | |||
| Timing of detection of HNEM | .17 | ||||
| Synchronous | 19 (37) | 57 | |||
| Metachronous | 32 (63) | 62 | |||
| Interval between primary tumor resection and diagnosis of HNEM | .017 | .037 | 5.33 (1.11–25.71) | ||
| ≤ 12 months | 28 (55) | 42 | |||
| > 12 months | 23 (45) | 82 | |||
| Number of liver metastases | .97 | ||||
| > 3 | 14 (27) | 60 | |||
| ≤ 3 | 37 (73) | 56 | |||
| Maximum size of liver metastases | .19 | ||||
| ≥ 5 cm | 25 (49) | 46 | |||
| < 5 cm | 26 (51) | 76 | |||
| Extrahepatic disease | 0.68 | ||||
| Present | 26 (51) | 60 | |||
| Absent | 25 (49) | 58 | |||
| Two or more sites of extrahepatic disease | .009 | .028 | 4.80 (1.18–19.50) | ||
| Present | 7 (14) | 0 | |||
| Absent | 44 (86) | 65 | |||
| Major postoperative complication | .13 | ||||
| Present | 7 (14) | 33 | |||
| Absent | 44 (86) | 62 | |||
| Preoperative systemic therapy for liver metastases | .74 | ||||
| Yes | 24 (47) | 52 | |||
| No | 27 (53) | 61 | |||
| Postoperative systemic therapy for liver metastases | .17 | ||||
| Yes | 17 (33) | 52 | |||
| No | 34 (67) | 63 | |||
| Extent of hepatectomy | .06 | NS | |||
| Major | 32 (63) | 44 | |||
| Minor | 19 (37) | 93 | |||
| Histological grade of primary tumor | .3 | ||||
| Low or intermediate | 19 (37) | 52 | |||
| High | 19 (37) | 50 | |||
| Surgical margins for primary tumor | .75 | ||||
| Positive | 9 (18) | 58 | |||
| Negative | 42 (82) | 59 | |||
| Surgical margins for liver metastases | .21 | ||||
| Positive | 7 (14) | 80 | |||
| Negative | 44 (86) | 53 | |||
| Associated resection | .13 | ||||
| Yes | 19 (37) | 78 | |||
| No | 32 (63) | 43 | |||
| Need for transfusions | .58 | ||||
| Yes | 19 (37) | 65 | |||
| No | 32 (63) | 54 | |||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; NS, Not significant; HNEM, Hepatic nondigestive endocrine metastases.
†
Cox regression multivariate analysis included all variables with P less than .1 in univariate analysis.