Table 3.
Comparison of Characteristics by Prenatal Care Provider
| FP or GP 4220 (14.9%) |
Health Dept with MD 6380 (22.6%) |
Health Dept Only 2697 (9.6%) |
OB 14,924 (52.9%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (yr) | ||||
| % < 19 | 15.2 | 14.6 | 12.5 | 13.1 ** |
| % 19–24 | 56.3 | 55.3 | 53.9 | 53.3*** |
| % 25–34 | 25.1 | 26.7 | 28.9 | 29.2 *** |
| % ≥ 35 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 4.3 *** |
| (12 with missing age) | ||||
| Race | ||||
| % White | 64.0 | 65.0 | 41.7 | 64.0 *** |
| % Black | 28.2 | 29.1 | 46.2 | 29.7 *** |
| % Hispanic | 6.8 | 5.3 | 11.0 | 5.3 *** |
| % Other | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 ** |
| (515 with race missing) | ||||
| Primiparous | 37.2 | 42.6 | 37.5 | 39.2 *** |
| Plurality > 2 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.11 |
| Multiple births | 2.5 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 3.1 |
| Marital status | ||||
| % Not married no father identified | 27.4 | 27.7 | 32.2 | 27.6 *** |
| % Not Married father identified | 30.2 | 31.7 | 32.6 | 31.3 |
| % Married | 42.4 | 40.6 | 34.2 | 41.1 *** |
| Education | ||||
| % < high school or low for age | 32.0 | 27.7 | 31.8 | 25.9 *** |
| % High School graduate | 49.9 | 49.5 | 46.2 | 48.9 * |
| % Some college or college graduate | 16.0 | 20.6 | 20.1 | 23.1 *** |
| Prenatal care start in first trimester | 72.6 | 75.0 | 74.3 | 76.1*** |
| Total number of risks recorded (mean) | 1.45 | 1.41 | 1.65 | 1.44*** |
| Past Medical History by % | ||||
| Severe Asthma | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.4 |
| Cardiac disease | 3.6 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 5.3 *** |
| Diabetes | 5.2 | 8.4 | 29.1 | 11.1 *** |
| Pulmonary disease | 2.8 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.3 |
| Renal disease | 4.1 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.9 *** |
| Systemic diseases | 5.5 | 5.2 | 3.5 | 5.1 |
| History of head injury | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
| Epilepsy | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 2.2 |
| Hypertension | 5.5 | 6.5 | 5.3 | 7.3 *** |
| HIV positive | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.21 |
| Coagulation disorders | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.07 | 0.24 |
| Past Obstetric History | ||||
| % Prior fetal abnormality | 0 | 0.20 | 0 | 0.19 ** |
| % Prior fetal / infant death | 4.4 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 6.4 *** |
| % Prior preterm delivery | 3.8 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 3.6 * |
| Pregnancy comp % with | ||||
| Insufficient cervix | 0.69 | 1.33 | 0.74 | 1.72 *** |
| Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) | ||||
| Hyperemesis > 14 wks | 20.6 | 25.0 | 18.1 | 22.5*** |
| Maternal anemia | 13.647.5 | 15.030.6 | 7.9 | 13.7 ***27.0*** |
| Preeclampsia/eclampsia | 3.8 | 5.1 | 54.1 | 5.7 *** |
| PPROM | 11.3 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 6.7 *** |
| Suspected fetal anomaly | 9.5 | 15.9 | 5.4 | 17.5 *** |
| Oligo/Polyhydramnios | 0.310.85 | 0.47 | 15.3 | 0.39 |
| Placenta previa | 0.71 | 0.52 | 0.88 | |
| 1.04 | ||||
| Gestational age at delivery (mean weeks) | 38.6 | 38.6 | 38.6 | 38.5 *** |
| Home location of patients | ||||
| % Hospital offering high risk OB services in home county | 56.4 | 48.8 | 65.1 | 66.2 *** |
| % Rural county | 33.5 | 37.3 | 27.7 | 29.3 *** |
| % Urban county | 45.0 | 34.5 | 53.8 | 47.6 *** |
| % Small town county | 21.5 | 28.2 | 18.5 | 23.1 *** |
| % Pulaski county | 4.1 | 5.3 | 28.1 | 17.0 *** |
| Mean distance to UAMS | 100.9 | 87.5 | 77.5 | 76.4 *** |
| Angels Call Center | ||||
| MD call to call center from county | 33.1 | 48.1 | 39.3 | 41.2 *** |
| Patient call to call center from county | 40.6 | 62.7 | 51.8 | 50.6 *** |
| MD teleconference participation in county | 12.5 | 10.6 | 7.3 | 9.5 *** |
| Distance to closest telemedicine site (mean in miles) | 57.9 | 55.8 | 60.3 | 56.6 *** |
| MFM contacts | ||||
| Any MFM contact | 14.1% | 26.1% | 32% | 20.7% *** |
| MFM with telemedicine | 8.6% | 13.9% | 11.5% | 10.9% *** |
| MFM face to face | 5.6% | 12.2% | 20.5% | 9.8% *** |
*
p<0.05,
**
p< 0.01,
***
p< 0.001 Chi Square test for frequencies, f test for means