Table 5.

Predictors of overall survival after major hepatectomy for HCC (n=539)

Variable		% of patients	Median survival (months)	Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysisa
				p	p	HR	95 % CI
Gender	Male	77	40	0.021	NS
	Female	23	67
Age (years)	>60	37	45	0.209
	≤60	63	47
AFP (ng/mL)	>1,000	36	18	<0.0001	<0.0001	1.92	1.48–2.49
	≤1,000	64	55
Child–Pugh class	A	98	45	0.563
	B	2	31
Tumor size (cm)	>5	80	34	<0.0001	<0.0001	2.30	1.51–3.52
	≤5	20	86
Bilateral lesions	Present	22	30	0.005	NS
	Absent	78	49
Number of lesions	Multiple	35	24	<0.0001	NS
	Solitary	65	55
Major vascular invasion	Present	12	12	<0.0001	0.001	1.83	1.30–2.59
	Absent	88	50
Microvascular invasion	Present	60	29	<0.0001	NS
	Absent	40	61
Fibrosis/cirrhosis	Present	35	29	0.004	NS
	Absent	65	50
Nodal metastases	Present	1	21	0.247
	Absent	99	45
Extrahepatic metastases	Present	1	11	<0.0001	0.017	2.75	1.20–6.33
	Absent	99	45
Other organ invasion	Present	9	15	<0.0001	NS
	Absent	91	49
Surgical margins	Positive	12	16	<0.0001	0.041	1.44	1.02–2.04
	Negative	88	43
Edmondson–Steiner grade	1	13	87	<0.0001	NS
	2	38	47
	3	42	34
	4	7	17
Extent of hepatectomy	Extended	38	45	0.523
	Right	62	44
TNM stage (7th edition)	I	29	129	<0.0001	NS
	II	31	51
	III	38	20
	IV	2	15
Time period	1981–1989	15	25	0.004	0.002	1.45	1.15–1.85
	1990–1999	63	43
	2000–2008	22	72

CI indicates confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, NS not significant, AFP α-fetoprotein

^aCox regression multivariate analysis included all variables with p<0.05 in the univariate analysis