Table 6.
Childhood cancers* and average VOC exposure**, first trimester, Camp Lejeune, 1968–1985
| |
Controls |
Cancers Unadjusted |
p-value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| # (%) | # (%) OR (95%CI) | |||
|
PCE |
|
|
|
|
| Unexposed |
304 (57.8) |
6 (46.2) |
1.0 (ref.) |
|
| Low (>0- < 44 ppb) |
111 (21.1) |
4 (30.8) |
1.8 (0.5-6.6) |
0.36 |
| High (≥ 44 ppb) |
111 (21.1) |
3 (23.1) |
1.4 (0.3-5.6) |
0.66 |
| Unexposed |
304 (57.8) |
6 (46.2) |
1.0 (ref.) |
|
| Exposed |
222 (42.2) |
7 (53.8) |
1.6 (0.5-4.8) |
0.41 |
|
TCE |
|
|
|
|
| Unexposed |
253 (48.1) |
6 (46.2) |
1.0 (ref.) |
|
| Low (>0- ≤ 2 ppb) |
130 (24.7) |
5 (38.5) |
1.6 (0.5-5.4) |
0.43 |
| High (> 2 ppb) |
143 (27.2) |
2 (15.4) |
0.6 (0.1-3.0) |
0.52 |
| Unexposed |
253 (48.1) |
6 (46.2) |
1.0 (ref.) |
|
| Exposed |
273 (51.9) |
7 (53.8) |
1.1 (0.4-3.3) |
0.89 |
|
Benzene |
|
|
|
|
| Unexposed |
432 |
11 (84.6) |
1.0 (ref.) |
|
| Exposed |
94 |
2 (15.4) |
0.8 (0.2-3.8) |
0.82 |
|
Vinyl Chloride |
|
|
|
|
| Unexposed |
301 (57.2) |
6 (46.2) |
1.0 (ref.) |
|
| Low (>0- < 3 ppb) |
141 (26.8) |
5 (38.5) |
1.8 (0.5-6.0) |
0.35 |
| High (≥ 3 ppb) |
84 (16.0) |
2 (15.4) |
1.2 (0.2-6.0) |
0.83 |
| Unexposed |
301 (57.2) |
6 (46.2) |
1.0 (ref.) |
|
| Below MCL (>0- ≤ 2 ppb) |
74 (14.1) |
3 (23.1) |
2.0 (0.5-8.3) |
0.32 |
| Above MCL (> 2 ppb) |
151 (28.7) |
4 (30.8) |
1.3 (0.4-4.8) |
0.66 |
| Unexposed |
301 (57.2) |
6 (46.2) |
1.0 (ref.) |
|
| Exposed |
225 (42.8) |
7 (53.8) |
1.6 (0.5-4.7) |
0.43 |
|
DCE |
|
|
|
|
| Unexposed |
300 (57.0) |
6 (46.2) |
1.0 (ref.) |
|
| Low (>0- < 5 ppb) |
116 (22.1) |
4 (30.8) |
1.7 (0.5-6.2) |
0.41 |
| High (≥ 5 ppb) |
110 (20.9) |
3 (23.1) |
1.4 (0.3-5.5) |
0.66 |
| Unexposed |
300 (57.0) |
6 (46.2) |
1.0 (ref.) |
|
| Exposed | 226 (43.0) | 7 (53.8) | 1.5 (0.5-4.7) | 0.44 |
*childhood leukemia and childhood non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
**when possible, we divided the exposed group by the 50th percentile level among controls (low and high); we excluded categorizations where there were <2 exposed cases in a cell.