Table 1.

Demographics of Participants in San Diego, Tijuana, and Guadalajara (N = 1,901), and Associations Between Cities’ Proximity to San Diego and Demographic and Mediator Variables

	All cities	San Diego	Tijuana	Guadalajara	p value	Ranked city distance from San Diegoa
	(N = 1,901)	(N = 1,103)	(N = 398)	(N = 400)		Rho	p value
		City 1	City 2	City 3
Demographic variables
Complete home smoking bans						−.47	<.001
Ageb	39.8 (15.7)	41.02,3 (15.6)	38.41 (15.0)	38.11 (16.4)	.001	−.06	.027
Gender (% male)	48.1%	47.9%	46.9%	49.9%	.683	.00	.909
Employed	53.9%	53.8%	56.5%	51.5%	.374a	.02	.402
Educationb	5.0 (1.9)	5.22 (1.9)	4.21,3 (1.8)	5.12 (2.0)	<.001	−.12	<.001
Marital status (% married or cohabiting)	60.1%	62.8%3	61.4%3	51.6%1,2	<.001	.07	.007
Mediator variables
Nonsmoker	65.1%	68.4%2,3	59.9%1	61.2%1	<.002	−.08	.001
Former smoker	18.4%	21.2%3	16.4%	12.8%1	<.002	−.08	.003
Other smoker in home	25.8%	18.6%2,3	33.1%1	38.3%1	<.001	.17	<.001
Children	67.5%	67.5%	69.1%	66.0%	NS	.03	.290
Acculturation to United States	1.8	2.32,3	1.41	1.31	.00	−.58	<.001
SHSe aversion	2.8 (.3)	2.9 (.3)2,3	2.8 (.3)1,3	2.7 (.4)1,2	<.001	−.23	<.001
Antismoking pressure	16.3 (5.9)	18.0 (5.6)2,3	16.1 (5.2)1,3	12.3 (5.1)1,2	<.001	−.37	<.001
Work bans	33.2%	40.7%2,3	28.6%1,3	17.8%1,2	<.001	−.21	<.001

Notes. NS = nonsignificant; SHSe = secondhand smoke exposure.

^aStatistics are Spearman rho associations between cities ranked (San Diego = 1, Tijuana = 2, Guadalajara = 3) on proximity to California and selected predictors.

^bNumbers in cells are means, standard deviations or percentages, and associated probabilities. Superscripted numbers refer to differences between cities corrected by Scheffe procedures for multiple testing with α = .05. Contrasts not referenced were not statistically significant, p > .05.