Table 4.
2011 NSDUH | 2010 NSDUH | 2009 NSDUH | ||||||||||
Cigarette use | ST use | Cigarette use | ST use | Cigarette use | ST use | |||||||
AOR | 99% CI | AOR | 99% CI | AOR | 99% CI | AOR | 99% CI | AOR | 99% CI | AOR | 99% CI | |
Sociodemographics | ||||||||||||
Age | 0.94** | 0.92, 0.95 | 0.89** | 0.86, 0.91 | 0.94** | 0.92, 0.95 | 0.86** | 0.83, 0.89 | 0.93** | 0.92, 0.95 | 0.86** | 0.84, 0.89 |
Male gender | 1.31** | 1.16, 1.48 | 17.43** | 10.14, 29.97 | 1.31** | 1.18, 1.46 | 19.05** | 10.86, 33.40 | 1.22** | 1.11, 1.34 | 23.54** | 14.71, 37.65 |
Education | ||||||||||||
High school | 0.78** | 0.66, 0.91 | 0.81 | 0.59, 1.10 | 0.78** | 0.67, 0.91 | 1.14 | 0.85, 1.54 | 0.82* | 0.70, 0.96 | 1.51* | 1.10, 2.07 |
Some college | 0.63** | 0.53, 0.74 | 0.64** | 0.47, 0.88 | 0.60** | 0.51, 0.71 | 1.01 | 0.74, 1.37 | 0.62** | 0.51, 0.74 | 1.24 | 0.83, 1.85 |
College graduate | 0.29** | 0.23, 0.35 | 0.37** | 0.23, 0.59 | 0.30** | 0.25, 0.35 | 0.55** | 0.37, 0.83 | 0.31** | 0.25, 0.38 | 0.88 | 0.58, 1.34 |
Married | 0.56** | 0.50, 0.63 | 0.57** | 0.50, 0.65 | 0.54** | 0.47, 0.62 | ||||||
Unemployed | 1.70** | 1.41, 2.04 | 1.52** | 1.32, 1.75 | 1.60** | 1.34, 1.90 | ||||||
Non-Hispanic White | 1.72** | 1.50, 1.99 | 3.88** | 2.88, 5.23 | 1.60** | 1.36, 1.88 | 4.65** | 3.17, 6.82 | 1.60** | 1.42, 1.81 | 3.98** | 2.71, 5.84 |
Cigarette use | 1.39** | 1.10, 1.75 | 1.37** | 1.09, 1.72 | 1.48** | 1.18, 1.87 | ||||||
Drug dependence | ||||||||||||
Alcohol | 3.30** | 2.58, 4.21 | 1.56* | 1.06, 2.30 | 3.04** | 2.27, 4.06 | 1.62* | 1.12, 2.33 | 3.45** | 2.76, 4.32 | 1.84** | 1.38, 2.47 |
Cocaine | 4.50** | 1.53, 13.20 | 2.67* | 1.03, 6.92 | 3.11 | 0.96, 10.06 | 7.09** | 2.74, 18.32 | ||||
Heroin | 7.84** | 1.92, 32.03 | 2.88 | 0.88, 9.42 | 9.75 | 0.93, 102.51 | 6.79* | 1.49, 30.92 | ||||
Marijuana | 3.55** | 2.59, 4.88 | 3.86** | 2.53, 5.91 | 2.92** | 2.09, 4.07 |
Notes. The reference category for education is less than high school. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; NSDUH = National Survey of Drug Use and Health.
*p < .01, **p < .0005.