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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013 May 22;22(9):10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0341. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0341

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of participantsa

Intervention (N=19,541) Comparison (N=29,294)
Number (%) Number (%)
Age
 50–59 7206 (36.9) 10792 (36.8)
 60–69 9083 (46.5) 13632 (46.5)
 70–79 3252 (16.6) 4870 (16.6)
Race/ethnicity
 White 15871 (81.2) 23891 (81.6)
 Black 2135 (10.9) 3127 (10.7)
 Hispanic 751 (3.8) 1094 (3.7)
 American Indian 88 (0.5) 114 (0.4)
 Asian/Pacific Islander 431 (2.2) 674 (2.3)
 Unknown 265 (1.4) 394 (1.3)
Education
 Less than high school diploma or GED 4267 (21.8) 6468 (22.1)
 Some school after high school diploma 7712 (39.5) 11597 (39.6)
 College degree or higher 7446 (38.1) 11044 (37.7)
Body-mass index (kg/m2)
 <25 5072 (26.0) 7587 (25.9)
 25 to <30 6944 (35.5) 10452 (35.7)
 ≥30 7442 (38.1) 11125 (38.0)
Smoking status
 Never 9918 (50.8) 15029 (51.3)
 Past 8121 (41.6) 11979 (40.9)
 Current 1273 (6.5) 1977 (6.7)
NSAID use
 Yes 6316 (32.3) 9796 (33.4)
 No 13224 (67.7) 19498 (66.6)
Total vitamin D intake, IUb
 <200 IU 7763 (39.7) 11892 (40.6)
 200 to <400 IU 3986 (20.4) 5787 (19.8)
 400 to <600 IU 4454 (22.8) 6602 (22.5)
 ≥600 IU 3226 (16.5) 4892 (16.7)
Total energy intake, kcal
 <1296 4820 (24.7) 7327 (25.0)
 1296 to <1677 4924 (25.2) 7226 (24.7)
 1677 to <2150 4879 (25.0) 7267 (24.8)
 ≥2150 4807 (24.6) 7353 (25.1)
Percent energy from total fat, %
 <33.8 4892 (25.0) 7109 (24.3)
 33.8 to <36.9 4885 (25.0) 7536 (25.7)
 36.9 to <40.8 4752 (24.3) 7285 (24.9)
 ≥40.8 4901 (25.1) 7243 (24.7)
Total fat Intake, grams
 <52.4 4828 (24.7) 7322 (25.0)
 52.4 to <69.0 4897 (25.1) 7265 (24.8)
 69.0 to <91.2 4893 (25.0) 7243 (24.7)
 ≥91.2 4812 (24.6) 7343 (25.1)
Total vegetable and fruit servings/day
 <2.3 5013 (25.7) 7500 (25.6)
 2.3 to <3.3 4696 (24.0) 7090 (24.2)
 3.3 to <4.6 4755 (24.3) 7104 (24.3)
 ≥4.6 4966 (25.4) 7479 (25.5)
Total grain servings/day
 <3.0 4789 (24.5) 7250 (24.7)
 3.0 to <4.3 5096 (26.1) 7407 (25.3)
 4.3 to <5.9 4727 (24.2) 7029 (24.0)
 ≥5.9 4818 (24.7) 7487 (25.6)
Regional solar radiation, langleysc
 300–325 5661 (29.0) 8512 (29.1)
 350 3801 (19.5) 5701 (19.5)
 375–380 2292 (11.7) 3435 (11.7)
 400–430 3398 (17.4) 5088 (17.4)
 475–500 4381 (22.4) 6548 (22.4)
Total outdoor walking energy expenditure, METs/week
 0 6714 (34.4) 9817 (33.5)
 ≤3.5 3791 (19.4) 5790 (19.8)
 3.6–7.0 3341 (17.1) 5114 (17.5)
 >7. 3661 (18.7) 5532 (18.9)
History of cancerd
 Yes 853 (4.4) 1286 (4.4)
 No 18688 (95.6) 28008 (95.6)
History of melanoma
 Yes 122 (0.6) 170 (0.6)
 No 19419 (99.4) 29124 (99.4)
History of nonmelanoma skin cancer
 Yes 1264 (6.5) 1996 (6.8)
 No 18277 (93.5) 27298 (93.2)
Hormone therapy use
 Never used 8072 (41.3) 12102 (41.3)
 Past user 2813 (14.4) 4181 (14.3)
 Current user 8639 (44.2) 12979 (44.3)
Hormone Therapy intervention assignment
 Not randomly assigned 16359 (83.7) 24426 (83.4)
 Active 1587 (8.1) 2496 (8.5)
 Placebo 1595 (8.2) 2372 (8.1)
Calcium/Vitamin D intervention assignment
 Not randomly assigned 9896 (50.6) 13729 (46.9)
 Active 4767 (24.4) 7827 (26.7)
 Placebo 4878 (25.0) 7738 (26.4)
a

Percentages may not total 100% because of missing data.

b

From diet and supplements

c

Based on the mean annual amount of sunlight reaching the clinic site as measured by the US Weather Bureau; 1 langley = 1 g-cal/cm2

d

History of cancer (cancers diagnosed more than 10 years before enrollment) is defined as any cancer except nonmelanoma skin cancer

*

GED = general equivalency diploma; MET = metabolic equivalent tasks

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