Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and melanoma risk factors by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use (Aspirin vs non-aspirin) in the WHI Observational Study
| Covariate | Aspirin user | Non-aspirin NSAID user |
NSAID non- user |
Total | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
N
Percent (%) |
15,089 25.2 |
9,188 15.4 |
35,529 59.4 |
59,806 | |
|
Median Follow- up Time (years) |
11.3 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | |
| Age, years (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| 50-59 | 23.3 | 33.7 | 34.6 | 18,909 | |
| 60-69 | 46.9 | 45.6 | 44.4 | 27,019 | |
| 70-79 | 29.8 | 20.7 | 21.0 | 13,878 | |
| Education, (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| Less than high school |
19.9 | 20.1 | 18.4 | 11,371 | |
| Some school after high school |
37.1 | 38.4 | 35.1 | 21,607 | |
| College degree or higher |
43.1 | 41.5 | 46.5 | 26,828 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| <25 | 41.7 | 34.3 | 46.6 | 26,002 | |
| ≥25-30 | 35.5 | 34.7 | 33.2 | 20,336 | |
| ≥30 | 22.8 | 31.1 | 20.2 | 13,468 | |
| Smoking, (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| Never | 49.3 | 48.2 | 50.8 | 29,905 | |
| Past | 45.4 | 46.6 | 43.7 | 26,658 | |
| Current | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 3,243 | |
| Total vitamin D intake1, IU (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| <200 | 17.0 | 18.1 | 20.0 | 11,326 | |
| 200-<400 | 35.1 | 36.2 | 35.7 | 21,298 | |
| 400-<600 | 23.5 | 23.4 | 22.7 | 13,764 | |
| ≥600 | 24.4 | 22.3 | 21.6 | 13,418 | |
| History of NMSC, (%) | 0.07 | ||||
| No | 90.0 | 90.5 | 90.6 | 54,082 | |
| Yes | 10.1 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 5,724 | |
| History of melanoma, (%) | 0.23 | ||||
| No | 98.5 | 98.4 | 98.7 | 58,960 | |
| Yes | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 846 | |
| Last medical visit within 1 year, (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| No | 13.1 | 12.3 | 17.5 | 9,334 | |
| Yes | 86.9 | 87.7 | 82.5 | 50,472 | |
| Cardiovascular disease ever, (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| No | 71.6 | 83.3 | 85.1 | 48,687 | |
| Yes | 28.4 | 16.7 | 14.9 | 11,119 | |
| Arthritis ever, (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| No | 48.5 | 29.0 | 59.1 | 30,984 | |
| Yes | 51.5 | 71.0 | 40.9 | 28,822 | |
| Migraine ever, (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| No | 86.3 | 85.4 | 89.1 | 52,530 | |
| Yes | 13.7 | 14.6 | 10.9 | 7,276 | |
| Regional solar radiation, langleys2 (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| 300-325 | 36.4 | 33.7 | 30.2 | 19,299 | |
| 350 | 20.5 | 18.5 | 22.4 | 12,735 | |
| 375-380 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 10.9 | 6,549 | |
| 400-430 | 15.2 | 18.1 | 15.8 | 9,566 | |
| 475-500 | 17.3 | 17.9 | 20.8 | 11,657 | |
| Skin reaction to the sun, (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| Tans, does not burn |
37.2 | 35.1 | 35.1 | 21,313 | |
| Burns, then tans | 24.3 | 25.1 | 26.2 | 15,288 | |
| Burns, then tans minimally |
27.1 | 28.2 | 27.1 | 16,295 | |
| Burns, does not tan |
11.5 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 6,910 | |
| Average daily time outdoors in summer as a child, (%) | 0.04 | ||||
| <30 minutes | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1,325 | |
| 30 minutes to 2 hours |
25.9 | 25.1 | 26.1 | 15,471 | |
| ≥2 hours | 72.0 | 72.9 | 71.6 | 43,010 | |
| Average daily time outdoors in summer now, (%) | <.0001 | ||||
| <30 minutes | 31.5 | 32.3 | 29.5 | 18,180 | |
| 30 minutes to 2 hours |
50.2 | 49.9 | 50.3 | 30,049 | |
| ≥2 hours | 18.3 | 17.8 | 20.2 | 11,577 | |
| Sunscreen SPF, (%) | 0.01 | ||||
| None | 47.6 | 46.5 | 46.6 | 28,019 | |
| SPF 2-14 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 2,947 | |
| SPF 15-25 | 30.8 | 30.0 | 30.6 | 18,280 | |
| SPF 25+ | 17.0 | 18.5 | 17.7 | 10,560 |
*
Percentages may not total 100% because of rounding. NSAID=nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; GED =general equivalency diploma; MET=metabolic equivalent tasks; NMSC=non-melanoma skin cancer; SPF=sun protective factor
1
From diet and supplements
2
Based on the mean annual amount of sunlight reaching the clinic site as measured by the US Weather Bureau; 1 langley = 1 g-cal/cm2