Table 2.
Means and standard deviations (in parentheses) for additional cognitive tests in patients with schizophrenia and healthy participants.
| Patients with schizophrenia | Healthy participants | T | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General intellectual ability | ||||
| WAIS-R estimated full scale IQ | 89.0 (9.9) | 105.5 (9.5) | 5.20 | <0.001* |
| Prefrontal cortex/executive function | ||||
| WCST categories | 3.8 (3.2) | 6.5 (3.4) | 2.55 | 0.015* |
| Prefrontal cortex/working memory | ||||
| N-back two back number correct | 45.7 (23.7) | 68.5 (13.3) | 2.85 | 0.008* |
| CVLT list A 1–5 total correct | 45.6 (17.3) | 59.9 (6.4) | 2.80 | 0.010* |
| Attention | ||||
| CPT vigilance correct | 28.6 (1.7) | 28.5 (3.4) | 0.10 | 0.924 |
| CPT distractibility correct | 22.9 (6.4) | 26.6 (7.4) | 1.62 | 0.11 |
| Trail making form A | 44.4 (20.9) | 30.7 (15.5) | 2.15 | 0.038* |
| Hippocampus/memory | ||||
| WMS-R verbal paired-associates I total | 15.7 (5.4) | 18.5 (4.0) | 1.71 | 0.096 |
| Language | ||||
| CVLT semantic cluster ratio | 1.9 (1.1) | 2.1 (1.1) | 0.46 | 0.651 |
| Fluency F-A-S | 33.2 (11.8) | 45.1 (10.3) | 3.09 | 0.004* |
| Fluency animals-fruits-vegetables | 33.9 (11.6) | 49.8 (16.6) | 3.50 | 0.001* |
| Occipital-parietal/visual-spatial | ||||
| Benton Line Orientation | 24.8 (6.8) | 25.9 (4.4) | 0.52 | 0.609 |
*Denotes patients with schizophrenia were significantly different from healthy participants.
WAIS-R, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised; WRAT-R, Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sort Test; CPT, Continuous Performance Test; WMS-R, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised; CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test.