Table 4.
Prototype |
Low distortion |
High distortion |
Random |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SC | HP | SC | HP | SC | HP | SC | HP | |
General intellectual ability | ||||||||
WAIS-R estimated full scale IQ | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.28 | −0.07 | 0.40* | 0.07 | −0.20 | 0.26 |
Prefrontal cortex/executive function | ||||||||
WCST categories | 0.47* | 0.17 | 0.47* | 0.18 | 0.64** | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.33 |
Prefrontal cortex/working memory | ||||||||
N-back two back number correct | 0.09 | a | 0.18 | 0.60* | 0.25 | 0.73* | 0.13 | 0.67* |
CVLT list A 1–5 total correct | 0.11 | −0.42 | 0.02 | −0.05 | 0.02 | −0.56* | −0.22 | −0.53* |
Attention | ||||||||
CPT vigilance correct | 0.29 | −0.14 | 0.31 | −0.09 | 0.15 | −0.02 | 0.11 | 0.30 |
Trail making form A | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.01 | −0.13 | −0.14 | −0.14 | 0.14 | −0.52* |
Hippocampus/memory | ||||||||
WMS-R verbal paired-associates I total | 0.36 | −0.01 | 0.44* | 0.38 | 0.41* | 0.30 | 0.01 | 0.77* |
Language | ||||||||
CVLT semantic cluster ratio | −0.12 | −0.46 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.38 | −0.35 | −0.60* | −0.62* |
Fluency F-A-S | −0.18 | 0.49 | −0.18 | −0.28 | 0.07 | −0.11 | −0.46* | 0.15 |
Fluency animals-fruits-vegetables | −0.20 | 0.62* | −0.23 | −0.30 | 0.06 | −0.23 | −0.13 | 0.03 |
Occipital-parietal/visual-spatial | ||||||||
Benton Line Orientation | −0.06 | 0.60* | 0.06 | −0.13 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.19 |
Symptoms | ||||||||
PANSS positive symptoms | −0.41* | – | −0.32 | – | −0.07 | – | −0.42* | – |
PANSS negative symptoms | −0.32 | – | −0.27 | – | −0.15 | – | −0.33 | – |
*Significant correlation at p < 0.05, **significant correlation at p < 0.01, a, no correlation calculated due to restricted range; SC, patients with schizophrenia; HP, healthy participants; WAIS-R, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised; WRAT-R, Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sort Test; CPT, Continuous Performance Test; WMS-R, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised; CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.