Table 1.
E. coli pathogenic types.
| Pathotype (acronym) | Diseases | Symptoms | Virulence factors | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enteric E.coli | ||||
| EnteroPathogenic E. coli (EPEC) | Diarrhoea in children | Watery diarrhoea and vomiting | Bfp, Intimin, LEE | [1] |
| EnteroHaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) | Haemorrhagic colitis, HUS | Bloody diarrhoea | Shiga toxins, Intimin, Bfp | [1,3] |
| EnteroToxigenic E. coli (ETEC) | Traveler’s diarrhoea | Watery diarrhoea and vomiting | Heat-labile and sheat-stable toxins, CFAs | [4,5] |
| EnteroAggregative E. coli (EAEC) | Diarrhoea in children | Diarrhoea with mucus and vomiting | AAFs, cytotoxins | [6,7] |
| Diffusely Adherent E. coli (DAEC) | Acute diarrhoea in children | Watery diarrhoea, recurring UTI | Daa, AIDA | [8] |
| EnteroInvasive E. coli (EIEC) | Shigellosis-like | Watery diarrhoea; dysentery | Shiga toxin, hemolysin, Cellular invasion, Ipa | [1,7] |
| Adherent Invasive E. coli (AIEC) | Associated with Crohn disease | Persistent intestinal inflammation | Type 1 fimbriae, Cellular invasion | [9,10] |
| Extraintestinal E. coli (ExPEC) | ||||
| UroPathogenic E. coli (UPEC) | Lower UTI and systemic infections | Cystitis, pyelonephritis | Type 1 and P fimbriae; AAFs, hemolysin | [1,11] |
| Neonatal Meningitis E. coli (NMEC) | Neonatal meningitis | Acute meningitis, sepsi | S fimbrie; K1 capsule | [12,13] |
| Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC) | Probable source of food-borne disease | - | Type 1 and P fimbriae; K1 capsule | [14,15] |
Bfp: Bundle-forming pili; LEE: Locus for enterocyte effacement; HUS: haemolytic-uraemic syndrome; CFA: colonization factor antigen; AAF: aggregative adherence fimbria; Daa: diffuse adhesin; AIDA: adhesin involved in diffuse adherence; Ipa: Invasion plasmid antigen.