Table 2.
Seroprevalence of wild birds collected in Far Eastern Russia (2005–2006) with WNV and/or JEV neutralizing antibodies.
| Area/Year | Bird Species (Order) | No. of WNV-Positive/Tested Sera | Positive for Anti-WNV Antibodies % | FRNT80 Titer * Range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WNV | JEV | ||||
| Khanka Lake/2005 | Anas poecilorhyncha (Anseriformes) | 1/1 | 100 | 160 | 40 |
| Larus ridibundus (Charadriiformes) | 1/1 | 100 | 160 | 80 | |
| Streptopelia orientalis (Columbiformes) | 1/1 | 100 | 1,280 | <40 | |
| Five other species | 0/23 | 0 | <160 | NT † | |
| Anyui River/2005 | Histrionicus histrionicus (Anseriformes) | 3/13 | 23.1 | 160–320 | 40 |
| Four other species | 0/11 | 0 | <160 | NT | |
| Khanka Lake/2006 | Anas poecilorhyncha (Anseriformes) | 1/2 | 50.0 | 160 | 40 |
| Mergus serrator (Anseriformes) | 1/8 | 12.5 | 160 | <40 | |
| Sterna hirundo (Charadriiformes) | 2/13 | 15.4 | 160–320 | 40–320 | |
| Columba livia (Columbiformes) | 1/1 | 100 | 320 | 80 | |
| Streptopelia orientalis (Columbiformes) | 4/9 | 44.4 | 1,280–2,560 | 80 | |
| Three other species | 0/8 | 0 | <160 | NT | |
| Chor River/2006 | Anas poecilorhyncha (Anseriformes) | 2/9 | 22.2 | 160 | 40–80 |
| Mergus serrator (Anseriformes) | 2/22 | 9.1 | 160–640 | 40–80 | |
| Phalacrocorax carbo (Pelecaniformes) | 2/9 | 22.2 | 160 | 40 | |
| Twelve other species | 0/14 | 0 | <160 | NT | |
| Total | 21/145 | 14.5 | <160–2,560 | <40–320 | |
Note: * FRNT80, 80% focus reduction neutralization test; WNV, West Nile virus; JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus; † NT, Not tested.