Table 1 (a).
Baseline characteristics of diabetic subjects
| Risers (n=27) |
Non-dippers (n=118) |
Dippers (n=156) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 71.3 ± 10.7 | 67.8 ± 9.6 | 67.2 ± 9.3 | 0.12 |
| Male sex (%) | 44 | 52 | 46 | 0.61 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 3.3 | 24.6 ± 4.1 | 24.1 ± 3.2 | 0.04 |
| Smoker (%) | 37 | 30 | 35 | 0.57 |
| Antihypertensive medication (%) | 70 | 51 | 60 | 0.11 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 37.4 ± 8.3 | 41.1 ± 4.0 | 40.6 ± 4.4 | 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 140 ± 66 | 147 ± 102 | 140 ± 86 | 0.83 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.77 ± 0.24 | 0.81 ± 0.22 | 0.78 ± 0.26 | 0.48 |
| Cockcroft -Gault GFR (ml/min) | 68 ± 28 | 74 ± 30 | 76 ± 31 | 0.41 |
| Clinic SBP (mmHg) | 162 ± 26 | 151 ± 23 | 154 ± 20 | 0.054 |
| Clinic DBP (mmHg) | 85 ± 15 | 82 ± 14 | 85 ± 14 | 0.25 |
| 24-hour SBP (mmHg) | 151 ± 19 | 140 ± 19 | 139 ± 15 | 0.003 |
| 24-hour DBP (mmHg) | 83 ± 9 | 79 ± 11 | 79 ± 8 | 0.08 |
| Awake SBP (mmHg) | 147 ± 18 | 143 ± 20 | 148 ± 17 | 0.07 |
| Awake DBP (mmHg) | 83 ± 9 | 80 ± 11 | 84 ± 9 | 0.03 |
| Sleep SBP (mmHg) | 158 ± 20 | 134 ± 20 | 123 ± 14 | <0.001 |
| Sleep DBP (mmHg) | 83 ± 11 | 76 ± 11 | 70 ± 8 | <0.001 |
| 24-hour PR (beats/min) | 71 ± 9 | 70 ± 8 | 72 ± 9 | 0.20 |
| Awake PR (beats/min) | 75 ± 10 | 73 ± 9 | 76 ± 10 | 0.07 |
| Sleep PR (beats/min) | 64 ± 9 | 63 ± 9 | 62 ± 9 | 0.66 |
| White-coat hypertension (%) | 22.2 | 16.1 | 12.2 | 0.33 |
| Calcium channel blockers (%) | 44 | 31 | 37 | 0.39 |
| ARB (%) | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0.44 |
| ACE inhibitors (%) | 33 | 25 | 24 | 0.62 |
| Diuretics (%) | 7 | 7 | 3 | 0.20 |
| β-blockers (%) | 0 | 3 | 7 | 0.11 |
| α-blockers (%) | 7 | 2 | 3 | 0.25 |