. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 6.

Published in final edited form as: J Drug Issues. 2012 Apr 1;42(2):10.1177/0022042612446590. doi: 10.1177/0022042612446590

Table 4.

Effects of Educational Paths on Age 19 Substance Use Adjusted for Age 18 Use and Effects of Educational Paths on Use at Age 23

	Heavy Drinking		Marijuana Use		Daily Cigarette Smoking
	Age 19 Adjusted for Age 18 Use	Age 23	Age 19 Adjusted for Age 18 Use	Age 23	Age 19 Adjusted for Age 18 Use	Age 23
	Coeff. (SE)	Coeff. (SE)	Coeff. (SE)	Coeff. (SE)	Coeff. (SE)	Coeff. (SE)
Educational path
HS dropout	0^a,b	0	0	0^a,b,c,d		0^a,b,c,d,e
Noncollege HS graduate	0.026^c,d (0.109)	−0.225^a (0.138)	−0.040 (0.103)	−0.293 ^a,e,f (0.136)	−0.031 (0.118)	−0.585 ^a,f,g,h (0.138)
2-year dropout	0.105^e,f (0.120)	−0.044^b (0.137)	−0.010 (0.104)	−0.583^b,e,g (0.142)	−0.127 (0.128)	−0.949^b,f,I,j (0.144)
2-year to 4-year transfer	0.127^g(0.142)	0.087 (0.164)	0.022 (0.179)	−0.625 ^c,f,h (0.161)	−0.320 (0.193)	−1.714 ^c,g,I,k (0.244)
Continuous 4-year	0.610^a,c,e,g ( 0.155)	0.273^a,b,c (0.143)	0.168 (0.132)	−0.308 ^d (0.142)	−0.259 (0.169)	−1.686 ^d,h,j,l (0.182)
4-year dropout	0.479^b,d,f (0.190)	−0.202 ^c (0.226)	0.138 (0.162)	−0.034 ^g,h (0.210)	0.060 (0.197)	−0.757 ^e,k,l (0.224)
Male	0.075 (0.075)	0.252^* (0.091)	0.150^* (0.072)	0.474^* (0.093)	0.177 (0.086)	0.028 (0.104)
Age 18 intercept	0.826^* (0.086)		0.784^* (0.049)		0.872^* (0.039)

Notes: Other parameters from these models (not shown) are similar to those shown in Table 3. Results based on average across estimates run on 40 imputed datasets. The average number of cases in each dataset was 771. Standard errors are estimated based on within- and between-imputation variances using Rubin’s rules. Significant differences (p<.05) between pairs of educational paths for a given growth factor are indicated by a shared superscripted letter.

p < .05;

Coeff.= coefficient; SE = standard error; HS= high school.