Figure 1.
Differential regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α–driven hyperpermeability over time by dengue virus type 2 (DENV2) infection (multiplicity of infection, 0.5) of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers. A, Amelioration of TNF-α–mediated endothelium hyperpermeability to 70-kDa dextran by DENV2 at 72 h after infection. Data are means ± standard errors from 2 representative experiments. B, Augmentation of TNF-α–mediated endothelium hyperpermeability to 70-kDa dextran by DENV2 at 7 days after infection (for 250 pg/mL TNF-α, n = 4; for 1 ng/mL TNF-α, n = 8). *P = .10 for DENV2 infection vs. mock infection (n = 3); † P = .01 for DENV2 infection vs. mock infection.