Table 2.
Resistance to β-lactams of aerobes and facultative anaerobes isolated from oral cavity of patients wearing complete denture as well as gingivitis and periodontitis patients
| Microorganisms (number of isolates) | Resistance Prevalence (%) | Production of β-lactamases (%) | ||||||
| AM | AMX | AMC | CF | CP | IM | ME | ||
| B. cepacia1 (5) | 100.0 | 100.0 | 60.0 | 20.0 | 40.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 40.0 |
| C. freundii (7) | 57.1 | 57.1 | 28.5 | 28.6 | 42.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 57.1 |
| E. cloacae (18) | 77.8 | 77.8 | 44.4 | 50.0 | 61.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 72.2 |
| E. intermedius (6) | 33.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 33.3 |
| E. sakazakii (9) | 44.4 | 44.4 | 11.1 | 22.2 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 44.4 |
| Enterococcus sp. (18) | 22.2 | 22.2 | 22.2 | 44.4 | 38.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| E. faecalis (31) | 19.4 | 19.4 | 19.4 | 19.4 | 38.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| E. faecium (8) | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 62.5 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 12.5 | 0.0 |
| E. coli (6) | 66.7 | 66.7 | 16.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 66.7 |
| K. oxytoca (11) | 63.6 | 45.5 | 45.5 | 9.1 | 27.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 63.6 |
| K. pneumoniae (3) | 100.0 | 66.7 | 66.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 |
| M. morganii (17) | 70.6 | 70.6 | 29.4 | 23.5 | 52.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 70.6 |
| P. agglomerans (7) | 85.7 | 85.7 | 85.7 | 28.6 | 42.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 85.7 |
| P. mirabilis (5) | 60.0 | 60.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 40.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 80.0 |
| P. vulgaris (7) | 71.4 | 71.4 | 28.6 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 71.4 |
| P. alcalifaciens (6) | 66.7 | 66.7 | 66.7 | 16.7 | 33.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 66.7 |
| P. aeruginosa (15) | 86.7 | 86.7 | 66.7 | 40.0 | 60.0 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 40.0 |
| P. fluorescens (4) | 50.0 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 50.0 |
| Serratia sp. (9) | 77.8 | 77.8 | 44.4 | 33.3 | 55.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 77.8 |
| S. liquefaciens (9) | 66.7 | 66.7 | 66.7 | 22.2 | 33.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 66.7 |
| Staphylococcus sp. (9) | 44.4 | 44.4 | 11.1 | 44.4 | 44.4 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 66.7 |
| S. aureus (10) | 60.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 60.0 |
| S. epidermidis (17) | 23.5 | 23.5 | 11.8 | 23.5 | 29.4 | 12.5 | 0.0 | 35.3 |
| S. hominis (8) | 50.0 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 50.0 |
| Streptococcus sp. (9) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 11.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Streptococcus2 spp. (50) | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total (304) | 44.4 | 43.1 | 28.3 | 22.7 | 33.2 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 36.8 |
AM, ampicillin; AMX, amoxicillin; AMC, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; CF, cefoxitin; CP, cephalothin; IM, imepenem; ME, meropenem.
1
Burkholderia cepacia complex
2
Streptococcus species (N): S. oralis (7), S. sanguinis (9), S. mitior (4), S. salivarius (11), S. mutans (7), S. pneumoniae (6), S. pyogenes (6).