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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Demography. 2013 Oct;50(5):10.1007/s13524-013-0219-z. doi: 10.1007/s13524-013-0219-z

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Consequences of conditioning on time-varying confounders affected by past neighborhood context

Ak = neighborhood poverty, Lk = observed time-varying covariates, Uk = unobserved factors, Yk = outcome.