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. 2013 Dec 31;8(12):e83640. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083640

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© 2013 Cizmeci, Arkun

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Red curves are the steady-state curves for both cases. Black curve is the steady-state curve for the base case (k₄ = 0.01). Green curve is the new curve when k₄ = 0.015. Intersections of red curves with the black define the steady-states for the two cases. Solid blue curve is the state trajectory for the base case. Dashed blue curve is the state trajectory for the case when k₄ = 0.015. NO production by pAKT is enhanced by Increasing the value of parameter increases availability of NO and production of ONOO which impairs insulin signalling. Bistability is lost and the system settles to the single steady-state S₁ where both pAKT and NO are low. In normal conditions ( = 0.01), pIRS1-pAKT-pIRS1 and pAKT-NO-pAKT feedback loops work in coordination to maintain both insulin sensitivity and the right amount of NO by switching between S₁ and S₃ as necessary.

Inline graphic — Red curves are the steady-state curves for both cases. Black curve is the steady-state curve for the base case (k₄ = 0.01). Green curve is the new curve when k₄ = 0.015. Intersections of red curves with the black define the steady-states for the two cases. Solid blue curve is the state trajectory for the base case. Dashed blue curve is the state trajectory for the case when k₄ = 0.015. NO production by pAKT is enhanced by Increasing the value of parameter increases availability of NO and production of ONOO which impairs insulin signalling. Bistability is lost and the system settles to the single steady-state S₁ where both pAKT and NO are low. In normal conditions ( = 0.01), pIRS1-pAKT-pIRS1 and pAKT-NO-pAKT feedback loops work in coordination to maintain both insulin sensitivity and the right amount of NO by switching between S₁ and S₃ as necessary.