Table 3. Linear regression estimates for associations between maternal iron intake and hemoglobin in pregnancy with offspring vascular indicators and body mass index (n = 2958 for all, except where cord ferritin data is used: n = 795).

		Offspring pulse wavevelocity (m/s)				Offspring flow mediateddilatation (%)								Offspring systolic bloodpressure (mmHg)								Offspring diastolic bloodpressure (mmHg)					Offspring body massindex (kg/m2)
		B	99% CI®	P		B	99% CI®			P				B		99% CI®			P			B	99% CI®		P		B		99% CI®		P
Maternal pregnancy dietary iron intake (continuous) (per 10 mg/d)
Unadjusted		0.2	0, 0.4	0.02		0.2	−0.4, 0.6			0.5			−0.6		−1.9, 0.7			0.3				0.4	−0.8, 1.5	0.4		−0.8		−1.3, −0.4		<0.001
Model 1#		0.1	−0.2, 0.4	0.5		0.4	−0.3, 1.2			0.1			−0.3		−2.2, 1.7			0.7				0.7	−1.1, 2.4	0.3		0.1		−.0.5, 0.7		0.7
Model 2*		0.1	−0.2, 0.4	0.3		0.5	−0.3, 1.2			0.1			−0.1		−2.1, 2.0			0.9				1.0	−0.8, 2.8	0.2		0.1		−0.6, 0.7		0.8
Model 3**		0.5	−0.1, 1.1	0.04		0.3	−1.2, 1.9			0.6			0.7		−3.5, 4.9			0.7				1.2	−2.4, 4.8	0.4		0.2		−1.1, 1.5		0.7
Maternal iron intake <14.8 mg/d
Unadjusted		−0.1	−0.3, 0.1	0.1	−0.3		−0.8, 0.2			0.1		−0.3				−1.7, 1.0			0.5		−0.8		−2.0, 0.4		0.08	0.2			−0.2, 0.7		0.2
Model 1#		0	−0.3, −0.2	0.7	−0.5		−1.1, 0.1			0.05		−0.7				−2.3, 0.8			0.3		−0.9		−2.3, 0.4		0.08	−0.4			−0.9, 0.1		0.03
Model 2*		0	−0.3, 0.2	0.7	−0.5		−1.1, 0.1			0.04		−0.8				−2.3, 0.8			0.2		−1.0		−2.4, 0.3		0.05	−0.4			−0.9, 0.1		0.03
Model 3**		−0.1	−0.6, 0.3	0.5	0.1		−1.0, 1.2			0.8		−0.8				−3.9, 2.2			0.5		−1.2		−3.9, 1.5		0.3	−0.5			−1.5, 0.4		0.2
Maternal pregnancy iron supplement use
Unadjusted		−0.1	−0.1, 0.2	0.07	0.2			−0.1, 0.5		0.1		−1.0				−1.8, −0.1			0.003		−0.4		−1.1, 0.3		0.2	−0.1			−0.4, 0.2		0.3
Model 1#		0.1	−0.1, 0.2	0.2	0.2			−0.1, 0.6		0.07		−0.8				−1.7, 0			0.01		−0.3		−1.1, 0.4		0.3	0			−0.2, 0.3		0.7
Model 2*		0.1	−0.1, 0.2	0.1	0.2			−0.1, 0.6		0.06		−0.8				−1.6, 0.1			0.02		−0.2		−1.0, 0.5		0.5	0			−0.3, 0.3		0.9
Model 3**		0	−0.2, 0.3	0.7	0.1			−0.6, 0.7		0.8		−0.9				−2.6, 0.8			0.2		0.1		−1.4, 1.5		0.9	−0.2			−0.7, 0.3		0.4
Maternal early pregnancy hemoglobin (g/dL)
Unadjusted		−0.1	−0.1, 0	0.07	−0.1				−0.2, 0.1		0.5			0.4			−0.1, 0.8			0.05		0	−0.4, 0.4		0.8	0.1			0, 0.3		0.06
Model 1#		0	−0.1, 0	0.09	−0.1				−0.3, 0.1		0.3			0.2			−0.3, 0.7			0.2		0	−0.5, 0.4		0.8	0			−0.2, 0.1		0.7
Model 2*		−0.1	−0.1, 0	0.08	−0.1				−0.3, 0.1		0.3			0.2			−0.3, 0.7			0.3		−0.1	−0.5, 0.4		0.7	0			−0.2, 0.2		0.9
Model 3**		−0.1	−0.2, 0.1	0.3	0				−0.4, 0.3		0.8			0.3			−0.6, 1.3			0.4		−0.1	−0.9, 0.7		0.7	0.1			−0.2, 0.4		0.6
Maternal early pregnancy anemia (<11 g/dL)
Unadjusted	0		−0.3, 0.3	0.8	−0.2				−1.0, 0.6		0.5			−1.5			−3.6, 0.6			0.06		0.4	−2.2, 1.4		0.5	−0.1			−0.8, 0.6		0.6
Model 1#	0		−0.3, 0.3	0.8	−0.2				−1.0, 0.6		0.6			−1.3			−3.3, 0.8			0.1		−0.3	−2.1, 1.5		0.6	0.1			−0.5, 0.8		0.7
Model 2*	0		−0.3, 0.3	0.8	−.0.2				−0.9, 0.6		0.6			−1.2			−3.2, 0.9			0.1		−0.2	−2.0, 1.6		0.7	0			−0.6, 0.7		0.8
Model 3**	0		−0.7, 0.3	0.2	−0.1				−1.4, 1.3		0.9			−1.0			−4.6, 2.6			0.5		−0.3	−3.4, 2.8		0.8	0.1			−1.0, 1.2		0.7

^# Adjusting for confounders: maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking in pregnancy, educational qualification (as a proxy for socioeconomic status), parity (and maternal total energy intake in the models with dietary iron intake as exposure).

Adjusting for confounders and three mediators: birth weight, gestational age, offspring dietary iron intake.

Adjusting for confounders and four mediators: birth weight, gestational age, offspring dietary iron intake, cord ferritin.

®confidence intervals.