. 2014 Jan 6;9(1):e84684. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084684

Table 5. Multivariable linear regression estimates from stratified analyses for associations between maternal iron intake and hemoglobin in pregnancy with offspring vascular indicators and body mass index with testing for effect modification by maternal vitamin C intake during pregnancy and child sex (n = 2958).

		Offspring pulse wavevelocity (m/s)				Offspring flow mediateddilatation (%)								Offspring systolic bloodpressure (mmHg)								Offspring diastolic bloodpressure (mmHg)						Offspring body massindex (kg/m²)
		B^#	99% CI®	P^*		B^#	99% CI®			P^*				B^#		99% CI®			P^*			B^#	99% CI®			P^*		B^#		99% CI®		P^*
Maternal pregnancy dietary iron intake (continuous) (per 10 mg/d)
In participants with vitamin Cintake >50 mg/day		0	−0.3, 0.3	0.5		0.6	−0.2, 1.5			0.5			−0.3		−2.4, 1.9			0.7				0.8	−1.1, 2.7		0.8		0		−.0.7, 0.6		0.3
In participants with vitamin Cintake ≤50 mg/day		0.2	−0.7, 1.1			−0.3	−2.7, 2.1						−1.8		−7.3, 3.7							1.2	−4.0, 6.4				1.2		−1.1, 3.5
Males		0.2	−0.2, 0.6	0.4		0.6	−0.4, 1.6			0.2			0.4		−2.3, 3.1			0.9				0.9	−1.5, 3.2		0.7		0.2		−0.7, 1.0		0.4
Females		0	−0.4, 0.4			0.5	−0.7, 1.6						−0.9		−3.8, 2.0							0.7	−1.9, 3.3				0.1		−0.9, 1.0
Maternal pregnancy iron supplement use
In participants with vitamin Cintake >50 mg/day		0	−0.1, 0.2	0.2	0.3			0, 0.7		0.1		−0.8				−1.7, 0.1			0.9		−0.4		−1.2, 0.5			0.9	0.1			−0.2, 0.3		0.9
In participants with vitamin Cintake ≤50 mg/day		0.2	−0.1, 0.5		−0.3			−1.1, 0.6				−0.8				−2.7, 1.2					−0.1		−2.0, 1.8				0			−0.8, 0.8
Males		0.1	−0.1, 0.2	0.8	0.2			−0.2, 0.6		0.9		−0.9				−2.1, 0.3			0.7		−0.9		−1.9, 0.1			0.06	−0.1			−0.4, 0.3		0.5
Females		0.1	−0.1, 0.2		0.3			−0.3, 0.7				−0.7				−1.9, 0.5					0.2		−0.8, 1.3				0.1			−0.3, 0.5
Maternal early pregnancy anemia (<11 g/dL)
Males	0		−0.4, 0.4	0.9	0.2				−0.9, 1.2		0.3			−1.3			−4.1, 1.4			0.8		0.3		−2.1, 2.6		0.4	0.4			−0.5, 1.2		0.2
Females	−0.1		−0.5, 0.4		−0.5				−1.7, 0.7					−1.0			−4.1, 2.1					−0.9		−3.7, 1.8			−0.2			−1.2, 0.8

^# Adjusting for potential confounding characteristics: maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking in pregnancy, educational qualification (as a proxy for socioeconomic status), parity, and maternal total energy intake in the models with dietary iron intake as exposure).

®confidence intervals.

Interaction P value, testing the null hypotheses that associations do not differ by maternal vitamin C level or by sex of participants.