Table 1.
Characteristics of participants who did and did not complete two or more employment-related activities.
| Variables | < 2 Employment activities | ≥ 2 Employment activities | Test value (df) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 143 | 42 | ||
| Reinforcement condition, % (n) | χ2 (3) = 4.45 | .22 | ||
| Low prizes (Petry et al., 2004) | 26.6 (38) | 16.7 (7) | ||
| Usual prizes, (Petry et al., 2004) | 22.4 (32) | 14.3 (6) | ||
| Prizes (Petry et al., 2005a) | 25.2 (36) | 31.0 (13) | ||
| Vouchers (Petry et al., 2005a) | 25.9 (37) | 38.1 (16) | ||
| Clinic, % (n) | χ2 (2) = 3.33 | .19 | ||
| Clinic A | 11.2 (16) | 21.4 (9) | ||
| Clinic B | 46.2 (66) | 35.7 (15) | ||
| Clinic C | 42.7 (61) | 42.9 (18) | ||
| Women, % (n) | 57.3 (82) | 59.5 (25) | χ2 (1) = 0.06 | .80 |
| Hispanic, % (n) | 11.2 (16) | 7.1 (3) | χ2 (1) = 0.58 | .45 |
| Race, % (n) | χ2 (2) = 1.03 | .60 | ||
| Caucasian | 25.2 (36) | 21.4 (9) | ||
| African American | 60.8 (87) | 69.0 (29) | ||
| Other | 14.0 (20) | 9.5 (4) | ||
| Age (years) | 35.67 ± 7.43 | 34.95 ± 5.27 | t(183) = 0.59 | .56 |
| Education (years) | 11.64 ± 1.58 | 11.64 ± 1.01 | t(183) = 0.00 | .99 |
| Past year incomea (dollars) | $7,644 ± 11,537 | $5,794 ± 9,100 | t(183) = 0.96 | .34 |
| Worked ≥1 day in last month | 34.3 (49) | 28.6 (12) | χ2 (1) = 0.48 | .49 |
| Typical employment status in past 3 years, % (n) | χ2 (2) = 4.13 | .25 | ||
| Employed full time | 45.2 (61) | 56.4 (22) | ||
| Employed part time | 25.2 (34) | 10.3 (4) | ||
| Unemployed | 28.0 (40) | 31.0 (13) | ||
| Other | 5.6 (8) | 7.1 (3) | ||
| Married (%) | 9.8 (14) | 9.5 (4) | χ2 (1) = 0.00 | .96 |
| Dependence, % (n) | ||||
| Cocaine | 87.4 (125) | 78.6 (33) | χ2 (1) = 2.04 | .15 |
| Alcohol | 45.5 (65) | 50.0 (21) | χ2 (1) = 0.27 | .60 |
| Heroin | 20.3 (29) | 19.0 (8) | χ2 (1) = 0.03 | .86 |
| Addiction Severity Index scores | ||||
| Employment | 0.74 ± 0.30 | 0.80 ± 0.29 | t (183) = −1.15 | .25 |
| Medical | 0.23 ± 0.33 | 0.10 ± 0.24 | t (183) = 2.39 | .02 |
| Alcohol | 0.20 ± 0.21 | 0.17 ± 0.17 | t (183) = 0.70 | .49 |
| Drug | 0.17 ± 0.09 | 0.14 ± 0.08 | t (183) = 1.87 | .05 |
| Legal | 0.13 ± 0.21 | 0.11 ± 0.18 | t (183) = 0.80 | .43 |
| Family/social | 0.22 ± 0.25 | 0.15 ± 0.21 | t (183) = 1.69 | .09 |
| Psychiatric | 0.25 ± 0.22 | 0.21 ± 0.21 | t (183) = 1.05 | .29 |
| Number of activities completed during treatment | 14.7 ± 12.6 | 26.3 ± 10.5 | t (182) = 5.45 | <.001 |
Data are means and standard deviations unless noted
a
Values were log transformed before analyses.