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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Aging Health. 2013 Dec;25(8 0):10.1177/0898264313497794. doi: 10.1177/0898264313497794

Appendix Table.

Hierarchical fit information for growth models

Fit Statistics
Model Steps −2LL AIC r2w r2b
Reasoning
 (1) Null 9125.70 9131.70 -- --
 (2) Time addeda 8818.28 8904.28 0.20 0.15
 (3) Background Covariates addedb 8560.88 8654.88 0.20 0.42
 (4) AA added 8507.15 8603.15 0.20 0.47
 (5) Time x AA addedc 8502.96 8602.96 0.20 0.47
 (6) Pattern Mixture addedd 8457.13 8569.13 0.20 0.50
Memory
 (1) Null 4845.59 4851.59 -- --
 (2) Time addeda 4655.22 4741.22 0.14 0.10
 (3) Background Covariates addedb 4354.82 4448.82 0.13 0.45
 (4) AA added 4302.42 4398.42 0.13 0.49
 (5) Time x AA addedc 4298.55 4398.55 0.14 0.49
 (6) Pattern Mixture addedd 4250.66 4362.66 0.15 0.45
Useful Field of View
 (1) Null 10188.98 10194.98 -- --
 (2) Time addeda 9925.58 10011.58 0.15 0.16
 (3) Background Covariates addedb 9705.35 9799.35 0.14 0.42
 (4) AA added 9683.81 9779.81 0.14 0.44
 (5) Time x AA addedc 9679.93 9779.93 0.14 0.44
 (6) Pattern Mixture addedd 9658.61 9770.61 0.15 0.45
Digit Symbol
 (1) Null 4314.82 4320.82 -- --
 (2) Time addeda 4044.07 4130.07 0.22 0.12
 (3) Background Covariates addedb 3823.42 3917.42 0.21 0.37
 (4) AA added 3780.96 3876.96 0.21 0.41
 (5) Time x AA addedc 3777.81 3877.81 0.21 0.41
 (6) Pattern Mixture addedd 3750.40 3750.40 0.21 0.43
Vocabulary
 (1) Null 4035.39 4041.39 -- --
 (2) Time addeda 3903.88 3989.88 0.08 0.16
 (3) Background Covariates addedb 3726.55 3820.55 0.08 0.36
 (4) AA added 3651.40 3747.40 0.08 0.43
 (5) Time x AA addedc 3646.50 3746.50 0.08 0.43
 (6) Pattern Mixture addedd 3631.68 3743.68 0.08 0.44

Notes: AA = African American (reference group is White); −2LL = −2 log likelihood; r2b = between-subjects pseudo R-squared, an estimate of the amount of between subjects variance (estimated from null model) explained by fixed and random predictors; r2w = within-subjects pseudo R-squared, an estimate of the amount of within subjects variance (estimated from null model) explained by fixed and random predictors;

a

Time includes linear and residual quadratic effects of time plus a dummy code indicating whether occasion is a retest;

b

Background covariates include: age, education, health, and gender.

c

Product terms for race by time (linear and quadratic) were included; these were residual-centered to eliminate collinearity with main effects

d

A dummy code representing attrition (1=present at fifth annual follow up; 0 = dropout) was included, as were its residual-centered interactions with race, time, and race-by-time interactions.