Fig. 5.

A: representative spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) traces from VTA dopamine neurons before and during Ex-4 application. B: Ex-4 increases sEPSC frequency. Effect of Ex-4 on sEPSC averages (C) is expressed as %difference from baseline recorded before Ex-4 application (D). E: Ex-4 reduces paired/pulse ratio (PPR). F: quantified PPR results (gray lines represent individual neuron responses before and during Ex-4 application; black line is the mean). Quantified data are shown as means ± SE. *P < 0.05.