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PKA-mediated cardioprotective effect of APN against MI/R injury is AMPK-independent. A: myocardial infarction, determined by Evans blue/TTC double staining (n = 9–12 hearts/group). B: cardiac function, determined by echocardiography assay (n = 12–15 animals/group). C: superoxide production (n = 6–8 hearts/group). D: nitrotyrosine content, determined by ELISA (n = 6–8 hearts/group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. vehicle; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. Scramble with the same treatment.
