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. 2013 Dec 28;19(48):9240–9255. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i48.9240

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The ‘Trojan Horse’ hypothesis. This illustrates the synthesis of glutamine via the enzyme glutamine synthetase; its transport into mitochondria via the glutamine transporter (GLN-Tx); its hydrolysis by phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG) resulting in glutamate (GLU) and ammonia (NH4+) production and the subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MSO: L-methionine S-sulfoximinel; GS: Glutamine synthetase.