Fig. 1.

Anti-asthma simplified herbal medicine intervention (ASHMI) effects on in vivo airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to acetylcholine (ACh) provocation. A: ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were given 5 OVA intratracheal (it) challenges, and ASHMI was given 2 h before ACh exposure, which was given 48 h after the last OVA it. B: AHR to ACh exposure was determined by invasive measurement. APTI, airway pressure time index. Values are means ± SD; n = 4–5 mice/group. ***P < 0.001 vs. sham. ###P < 0.001 vs. naive.