Table 1.

Effect of water and water plus tracheal stimulation (TS + Water) on normalized EMG amplitudes and durations (ms) of selected swallow-related muscles.

Amplitude (% of maximum)^	Water	TS + Water
Parasternal	51 ± 6	67 ± 4*
Mylohyoid	68 ± 5	78 ± 5
Geniohyoid	69 ± 4	82 ± 3**
Thyroarytenoid	75 ± 3	80 ± 3
Thyrohyoid	78 ± 3	88 ± 1**
Thyropharyngeus	61 ± 4	74 ± 2**
Cricopharyngeus (post-relaxation burst)	52 ± 6	70 ± 4**
Duration (ms)	Water	TS ± Water
Laryngeal Elevation□	507 ± 38	430 ± 30**
Total Swallow	572 ± 43	508 ± 36**
Upper Esophageal Sphincter Open	455 ± 25	386 ± 14**
Parasternal	419 ± 46	331 ± 43*
Mylohyoid	468 ± 39	420 ± 31
Geniohyoid	366 ± 33	360 ± 32
Thyroarytenoid	440 ± 25	418 ± 34
Thyrohyoid	398 ± 39	392 ± 24
Thyropharyngeus	182 ± 24	185 ± 25

^*p ≤ 0.05

^**P ≤ 0.01

^□Onset of mylohyoid activity to offset of geniohyoid activity.

^{^}EMG’s were normalized to the maximum EMG amplitude.