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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Parasitol. 2013 Nov 1;29(12):10.1016/j.pt.2013.10.002. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.10.002

Table 1.

Regulatory cytokines that limit immunopathology during toxoplasmosis and malaria

Cytokine Key cellular sources Cellular targets Predominant effect in vivo Refs
IL-10 T cells, macrophages, DCs, B cells DCs, B cells, macrophages, epithelial cells, endothelial cells Suppress activation and antigen presentation by DCs, B cells, and macrophages [2,17,18,24,26,29,51,67]
TGF-β T cells, B cells, NK cells, macrophages, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, platelets, neurons T cells, DCs, macrophages, B cells Induction of iTreg and Th17 differentiation, trigger effector T cell apoptosis [26,32,33,40,63,107–109]
IL-27 Unknown CD4 T cells, DCs, macrophages Induction of Tr1 cell differentiation [23,40,46–49,110]