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. 2013 Sep 16;209(3):409–419. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit499

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Telmisartan (TS) inhibits Escherichia coli invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). A, Confluent monolayers of HBMECs in 24-well plates were treated with different concentrations of TS for 1 hour at 37°C in experimental medium. E. coli at a multiplicity of infection of 100 was added, and cells were subjected to invasion assays. B, HBMEC monolayers were pretreated with different concentrations of TS as mentioned above and subjected to cytotoxicity analysis. C, Confluent HBMECs were pretreated, cotreated with infection, or treated after infection at different time points, and E. coli invasion assays were then performed. D, HBMECs were pretreated for 1 hour with 0.1 µM angiotensin II (Ang-II) at 37°C and then infected with E. coli to analyze total cell-associated and invaded bacteria. E, HBMECs were pretreated with TS or valsartan (VS; 20 µg/mL) and subjected to total cell-associated and invasion assays. Error bars represent mean values ± SD from at least 3 different experiments performed in triplicate. Inhibition of E. coli invasion after treating with inhibitors was statistically significant (* P < .05).