Table 1.
Comparison of the demographic data in children with constipation and controls on the basis of low and high serum lead levels
| Variable | Group | Lead serum level (%) | Total | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <10 µg/dL | ≥10 µg/dL | |||||
| Age | <7 | Case | 49(59.8) | 33(40.2) | 82(100) | 0.001 |
| Control | 63(90) | 7(10) | 70(100) | |||
| ≥7 | Case | 7(87.5) | 1(12.5) | 8(100) | 0.5 | |
| Control | 19(95) | 1(5) | 20(100) | |||
| Sex | Boy | Case | 26(59.1) | 18(40.9) | 44(100) | 0.0002 |
| Control | 49(90.7) | 5(9.3) | 54(100) | |||
| Girl | Case | 30(65.2) | 16(34.8) | 46(100) | 0.005 | |
| Control | 33(91.7) | 3(8.3) | 36(100) | |||
| Age of residential building | New | Case | 23(71.9) | 9(28.1) | 32(100) | 0.01 |
| Control | 54(91.5) | 5(8.5) | 59(100) | |||
| Old | Case | 33(56.9) | 35(43.1) | 58(100) | 0.001 | |
| Control | 28(90.3) | 3(9.7) | 31(100) | |||
| Traffic of residential area | High traffic | Case | 15(44.1) | 19(55.9) | 34(100) | 0.08 |
| Control | 10(71.4) | 4(28.6) | 14(100) | |||
| Low traffic | Case | 41(73.2) | 15(26.8) | 56(100) | 0.001 | |
| Control | 72(94.7) | 4(5.3) | 76(100) | |||
| Parents’ Job | Low risk | Control | 24(66.7) | 12(33.3) | 36(100) | 0.006 |
| Case | 57(89.1) | 7(10.9) | 64(100) | |||
| High risk | Control | 32(59.3) | 22(40.7) | 54(100) | 0.001 | |
| Case | 25(96.2) | 1(3.8) | 26(100) | |||
| Area of residence | Urban | Control | 47(59.5) | 32(40.5) | 79(100) | 0.007 |