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. 2013 Dec 11;89(10):462–473. doi: 10.2183/pjab.89.462

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Schematic representation of developmental programming. When insults such as undernutrition affect fetuses in utero, they are programmed to live in similar adverse environment after birth and body sizes are usually small. If intrauterine life is rich and problem-less, vice versa. If those who are programmed to adapt adverse environment actually live in affluent society in later life, they develop NCDs due to mismatch with programs.